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81.
R.A. Jacques J.G. Santos C. Dariva J. Vladimir Oliveira E.B. Caramo 《The Journal of Supercritical Fluids》2007,40(3):354-359
This work presents a study concerning the chemical characteristics and analytical separation process of the essential oil obtained from high-pressure carbon dioxide extraction of Ilex paraguariensis. The experiments were performed in a laboratory-scale unit in the temperature range of 20–40 °C, from 100 to 250 bar. A blend of the I. paraguariensis extracts was percolated through a preparative chromatographic column, containing silica gel, and successively eluted with 150 mL of each of the following solvents: hexane, toluene, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol. The raw extract and its fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detection (GC/MS). The fractionation procedure showed to be a good clean up technique due to the isolation of different classes of compounds in each fraction. Chromatographic analyses allowed the identification of caffeine, fatty acids and esters, phytol, squalene, Vitamin E, stigmasterol derivatives and saturated hydrocarbons. 相似文献
82.
83.
MASS TRANSFER IN GAS-SPARGED POROUS ELECTRODES 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The electrochemical limiting current method was used to measure mass transfer coefficients with cocurrent upward gas-liquid flow in packed bed electrodes. Liquid-solid and overall gas-solid coefficients were determined from limiting current data in the presence of inert or reactive gas flows with the use of a plug flow model. The presence of inert gas flow increased mass transfer coefficients over those in single-phase flow by a factor of up to 1.7. As a result of boundary layer penetration by gas bubbles, sparging with reactive gas increased mass transfer rates by a factor of up to 3.5. 相似文献
84.
85.
Theprecipitationofpro eutectoidferritefromausteniteiscontrolledbydiffusioninFe Calloys .Withtheassumptionthatthemigratinginterfaceisalwaysinlocalequilibrium ,earlyin 194 9,ZenerC[1] explainedthediffusionalgrowthofpro eutec toidferritebyusingtheFick’slaw .Since… 相似文献
86.
针对户部寨气田的储层特点,在优选压裂液、支撑剂的前提下,考虑井冈布局的基础上,运用拟三维压裂优化设计软件,优选压裂设计参数,通过模拟计算,求得较为合理的裂缝几何参数,进行压裂优化设计,现场施工后取得了较好的效果。 相似文献
87.
T. D. M. Weijers H. Timmers R. G. Elliman 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms》2002,190(1-4):397-401
The impact of the pulse height deficit effect in gas ionization detectors on the accurate extraction of depth information from heavy ion elastic recoil detection spectra has been investigated. Thin GaN films and GexSi1−x/Si heterostructures have been analyzed with a 200 MeV 197Au beam. Employing an empirical parameterisation of the pulse height deficit, a global energy calibration of the detector can be achieved. Energy spectra have been compared, calibrated with either a constant or a full energy-dependent compensation for the deficit. A constant compensation results in significant distortion of the extracted depth profile for heavier ions, whereas an energy-dependent compensation yields true concentration–depth profiles. 相似文献
88.
ˮ�ཬ������������Ƽ�����Ľ�������о� 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
解决注水泥作业的防气窜问题,是提高固井质量,保护油气层的关键技术。现有预测和防止水泥浆气管理的方法虽然较多,但应用于现场却有一定困难,主要表现在所考虑的因素比较单一,有些高温、高压下的水泥浆性能参数难以测定。文章在分析国内外预测和防止气窜方法的基础上,应用水泥浆浆体在环空的组成,GFP系数、水泥浆稠度阻力系数(A)及多凝水泥和环空加压等措施,拟定出一套提高水泥浆顶替效率,保证水泥浆动态和静态过程压力平衡关系的具体设计方法。 相似文献
89.
Tai-Shang ChenJia-Ming Chern 《Chemical engineering science》2002,57(3):457-467
The network reduction technique and the Bodenstein approximation of quasi-stationary behavior of reaction intermediates were systematically applied to derive general yield ratio and rate equations for multi-cycle reaction networks in homogeneous catalysis. Dual-cycle reaction networks connected by a linear pathway, multi-cycle networks stemming from the same intermediate, and single-cycle with arbitrary number of pathways between two intermediates were considered. The general yield ratio and rate equations derived in this study are applicable for most enzymatic reactions and for homogeneous catalytic reactions. Examples of homogeneous catalysis were used to illustrate the application of the general yield ratio and rate equations for network elucidation. 相似文献
90.