TBM掘进技术在软岩隧洞中的应用

通过单护盾、双护盾TBM掘进技术在甘肃引洮供水工程总干渠7^#、9^#隧洞中的应用,证明了TBM掘进设备的选型依据,说明了超前地质预报、合理选择注浆技术的重要性,提出了对设备改进的建议。     

Aircraft based soil moisture retrievals under mixed vegetation and topographic conditions

An unresolved issue in global soil moisture retrieval using passive microwave sensors is the spatial integration of heterogeneous landscape features to the nominal 50 km footprint observed by most low frequency satellite systems. One of the objectives of the Soil Moisture Experiments 2004 (SMEX04) was to address some aspects of this problem, specifically variability introduced by vegetation, topography and convective precipitation. Other goals included supporting the development of soil moisture data sets that would contribute to understanding the role of the land surface in the concurrent North American Monsoon System. SMEX04 was conducted over two regions: Arizona — semi-arid climate with sparse vegetation and moderate topography, and Sonora (Mexico) — moderate vegetation with strong topographic gradients. The Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR/CX) was flown on a Naval Research Lab P-3B aircraft as part of SMEX04 (10 dates of coverage over Arizona and 11 over Sonora). Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) was observed in both PSR and satellite-based (AMSR-E) observations at 6.92 GHz over Arizona, but no detectable RFI was observed over the Sonora domain. The PSR estimated soil moisture was in agreement with the ground-based estimates of soil moisture over both domains. The estimated error over the Sonora domain (SEE = 0.021 cm³/cm³) was higher than over the Arizona domain (SEE = 0.014 cm³/cm³). These results show the possibility of estimating soil moisture in areas of moderate and heterogeneous vegetation and high topographic variability.     

基于多尺度空间体元的地学三维建模

提出基于多尺度空间体元(M-S SVV)的真三维可视化实体建模技术,对基于M-S SVV模型的地质体与地质场建模方法及三维可视化技术进行研究,开发三维建模与可视化软件。通过东营坳陷及花沟地区的构造和物性三维建模与可视化应用,证明M-S SVV模型对地学数据有良好的适应性,能够较好地满足地学空间多尺度表达及分析的需求,辅助地质、地球物理建模及分析。     

Effects of soil moisture and water depth on ERS SAR backscatter measurements from an Alaskan wetland complex

We conducted a preliminary investigation of the response of ERS C-band SAR backscatter to variations in soil moisture and surface inundation in wetlands of interior Alaska. Data were collected from 5 wetlands over a three-week period in 2007. Results showed a positive correlation between backscatter and soil moisture in sites dominated by herbaceous vegetation cover (r = 0.74, p < 0.04). ERS SAR backscatter was negatively correlated to water depth in all open (non-forested) wetlands when water table levels were more than 6 cm above the wetland surface (r = − 0.82, p < 0.001). There was no relationship between backscatter and soil moisture in the forested (black spruce-dominated) wetland site. Our preliminary results show that ERS SAR data can be used to monitor variations in hydrologic conditions in high northern latitude wetlands (including peatlands), particularly sites with sparse tree cover.     

水文水资源集对分析

集对分析是处理不确定性问题的新方法,它通过联系度展示了研究对象间关系的详细结构。方法原理简单,使用方便,能解决很多实际水文水资源问题。简要介绍了集对分析的基本原理,重点分析了集对分析在水文水资源分析计算、预测和评价中的应用研究进展,展望了集对分析在水文水资源领域的研究目标、内容和拟解决的关键问题。     

Semantic-based web service discovery and chaining for building an Arctic spatial data infrastructure

Increasing interests in a global environment and climate change have led to studies focused on the changes in the multinational Arctic region. To facilitate Arctic research, a spatial data infrastructure (SDI), where Arctic data, information, and services are shared and integrated in a seamless manner, particularly in light of today's climate change scenarios, is urgently needed. In this paper, we utilize the knowledge-based approach and the spatial web portal technology to prototype an Arctic SDI (ASDI) by proposing (1) a hybrid approach for efficient service discovery from distributed web catalogs and the dynamic Internet; (2) a domain knowledge base to model the latent semantic relationships among scientific data and services; and (3) an intelligent logic reasoning mechanism for (semi-)automatic service selection and chaining. A study of the influence of solid water dynamics to the bio-habitat of the Arctic region is used as an example to demonstrate the prototype.     

地球静止轨道卫星在水利行业中应用综述

首先列举了涉及水利相关静止卫星的发展状况,阐述了静止卫星的发展历程,并从探测器精度、覆盖范围、成像时间、数据传输方式和姿态控制方式等方面对各国主流静止卫星进行了参数对比,指出静止卫星具有连续、同步、大尺度、多角度观测地球的能力,使得静止卫星不仅用于天气预报、气候预测等气象领域,还可以满足众多非气象领域包括水利行业的应用需求。其次,综述了静止卫星在水利行业中的应用领域和国内外的应用现状,分析了静止卫星水利相关应用参数,列举了静止卫星在水文监测、水旱灾害监测和水情传输中的应用实例,并进行了静止卫星在水利行业可用性分析,指出由于卫星传感器性能和在水利领域应用技术水平的限制是造成目前静止卫星在水利行业应用的业务水平不高的原因,需要加大稳定、高轨高精度和多种荷载传感器的研发投入。最后,对未来发展方向提出了设想,认为提高数据处理、同化技术水平,加强进入水利行业的应用能力,可以提高静止卫星数据在水利行业的业务化应用水平。     

山肩邦男法在地下连续墙设计中的应用

结合某工程实例,介绍了山肩邦男弹塑性法在地下连续墙设计中的应用,并用等值梁法和理正深基坑支护软件给予了验证,说明山肩邦男弹塑性法在指导工程实践上是值得信赖的一种方法。     

水下大面积基坑快速开挖施工方法——北引渠首工程中应用实例

针对北引泄洪闸工程特定条件下的基础开挖,且受水的深度影响,不能采用常规的降水方法施工.采用文中施工方法,集水下翻松、挖除水面、水面输送于一体,开挖效率显著提高,加快了施工进度.将对水下地质条件复杂的大面积基坑开挖起到补充和完善的作用,同时,对于加快水利工程建设,降低工程成本,提高工程质量,实现工程项目的早日投运和效益的发挥,解决工程实际难题,显得尤为必要.     

庄里水库坝址及坝轴线方案比选

水库工程大坝坝址坝轴线的选择,是项目可行性研究阶段的主要研究课题,在满足规划指标及枢纽布置等条件下,还应充分考虑工程地质条件、施工工期、移民拆迁占地、环境影响、工程投资、工程效益等方面,最终选择技术可行、经济合理、效益最佳的方案作为推荐方案。所介绍的山东省庄里水库,在开展前期工作过程中,由于存在复杂的地质情况及移民拆迁占地问题,在坝址坝轴线的比选工作上经历了项目建议书及可行性研究两个阶段,勘察设计时间长达5a之久,最终确定上坝轴线为推荐方案。