聚苯硫醚酰胺的合成与表征

用4-氯苯甲酰4′-氯苯胺和硫化钠为原料在常压下合成了聚苯硫醚酰胺,并对其进行了表征。结果表明所合成的产物为结晶性聚合物,并且有较高的热稳定性。     

硫化钠在黑白钨加温精选中的应用研究

介绍了柿竹园黑白钨混合粗精矿加温精选中 ,添加硫化钠与水玻璃混合剂比单一添加水玻璃能更有效地使白钨矿与萤石等含钙矿物及脉石矿物分离。论述了硫化钠在加温精选中的作用效果并探讨了其作用机理     

吐哈盆地雁木西油田天然气成因分析

雁木西油田所产天然气在吐哈盆地有一定的特殊性，主要表现为含有一定量的硫化氢气体，部分样品的氮气含量高、甲烷含量低、烃类碳同位素值较重，并且重烃碳同位素值发生了倒转。探讨这些特殊性有助于全面认识吐哈盆地的天然气来源、成因与分布规律等，为此在天然气地球化学特征分析的基础上，结合具体的地质条件对天然气的来源、成因进行了系统地分析并取得了如下认识：①雁木西油田的原油溶解气分布在鄯善群和白垩系油藏中，成因上为腐殖型天然气，由烃类和非烃类组成；②烃类气体由甲烷和重烃组成，不同组分的含量与干燥系数均在较宽的范围内变化，但都表现为湿气特征；③非烃类气体主要由N₂、H₂S、CO₂等组成，其中CO₂含量普遍较低；④烃类气体、部分非烃气体及其伴生的原油主要来自侏罗系烃源岩，部分高含量的氮气为大气来源，硫化氢与深部石炭系海相碳酸盐岩有关；⑤部分天然气遭受了次生变化，烃类碳同位素值偏重、重烃碳同位素值倒转均与细菌的生物降解作用有关。     

Hysys软件在分析精丙烯硫化物来源中的应用

气体分馏装置原料液化石油气 (LPG)中有机硫化物形态复杂 ,考察分析工业装置精丙烯硫化物含量变化难度大。利用Hysys模拟 ,分析判断LPG中小分子有机硫化物在气体分馏产品的分布并提出了控制措施。考虑操作条件对精丙烯硫含量的影响 ,并对工业装置精丙烯总硫超标原因进行了分析。     

Procedure for Measuring Low Concentrations of H2 and H2S Above a Water Surface

A simple measuring procedure for low concentrations of H₂ and H₂S (at the level of ppm fractions) above the surface of water by using sensitive gas analyzers is suggested. The procedure is easily accomplished in conditions outside the laboratory (under field conditions).     

Adsorption and decomposition of H2S on Pd(1 1 1) surface: a first-principles study

Gradient-corrected density functional theory was used to investigate the adsorption of H₂S on Pd(1 1 1) surface. Molecular adsorption was found to be stable with H₂S binding preferentially at top sites. In addition, the adsorption of other S moieties (SH and S) was investigated. SH and S were found to be preferentially bind at the bridge and fcc sites, respectively. The reaction pathways and energy profiles for H₂S decomposition giving rise to adsorbed S and H were determined. Both H₂S_(ad) → SH_(ad) + H_(ad) and SH_(ad) → S_(ad) + H_(ad) reactions were found to have low barriers and high exothermicities. This reveals that the decomposition of H₂S on Pd(1 1 1) surface is a facile process.     

Inhibition of sulfide on the simultaneous removal of nitrate and p‐cresol by a denitrifying sludge

BACKGROUND: Many industrial discharges, such as those generated from petrochemical refineries, contain large amounts of sulfurous, nitrogenous and organic contaminants. Denitrification has emerged as a suitable technology for the simultaneous removal of these pollutants in a single reactor unit; however, more evidence is demanded to clarify the limitations of denitrification on the simultaneous removal of sulfide and phenolic contaminants and to optimize the biological process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of a denitrifying sludge to simultaneously convert sulfide and p‐cresol via denitrification. RESULTS: Sulfide was the preferred electron donor over p‐cresol, imposing a 5 h lag phase (required for complete sulfide removal) on organotrophic denitrification. Addition of sulfide (20 mg S^2? L^?1) to p‐cresol‐amended denitrifying cultures also decreased the reduction rate of nitrate and nitrite, as well as the production rate of nitrogen gas. Nitrite reduction rate was the most affected step by sulfide, decreasing from 35 to 21 mg N (g VSS d)^?1. A synergistic inhibitory effect of nitrate and sulfide was also observed on nitrite reduction. Despite the effects of sulfide on the respiratory rates monitored, complete removal of nitrate, sulfide and p‐cresol could be achieved after 48 h of incubation. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that simultaneous removal of sulfide and p‐cresol could be achieved in denitrifying reactors, but a large hydraulic residence time may be required to sustain an efficient process due to inhibitory effects of sulfide. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Analytical characterization of cadmium cyanamide in CdS thin films and bulk precipitates produced from CBD process in pilot plant

CdS thin films and bulk precipitates were obtained by chemical bath deposition (CBD) in a well-closed reactor. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, elemental analysis and leaching have been used to characterize solids and thin films. It has been shown that the proportion of cadmium cyanamide in solids may vary from about 50% to 2% according to physicochemical conditions in solution (time after CBD, ammonia concentration) and that CdO results from CdCN₂ after air annealing of thin films. This last step also increases the crystallinity of the films.     

Shear-induced crystallization of poly(phenylene sulfide)

The crystalline morphology of poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) isothermally crystallized from the melt under shear has been observed by polarized optical microscope (POM) equipped with a CSS450 hot-stage. The shish–kebab-like fibrillar crystal structure is formed at a higher shear rate or for a longer shear time, which is ascribed to the tight aggregation of numerous oriented nuclei in the direction of shear. The crystallization induction time of PPS decreases with the shear time, indicating that the shear accelerates the formation of stable crystal nuclei. Under shear, the increase of spherulite growth rate results from highly oriented chains. The melting behavior of shear-induced crystallized PPS performed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) shows multiple melting peaks. The lower melting peak corresponds to melting of imperfect crystal, and the degree of crystal perfection decreases as the shear rate increases. The higher melting peak is related to the orientation of molecular chains. These oriented molecular chains form the orientation nuclei which have higher thermal stability than the kebab-like lamellae that are developed later. A new model based on the above observation has been proposed to explain the mechanism of shish–kebab-like fibrillar crystal formation under shear flow.     

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川东北飞仙关组高含硫气藏气井在完井测试过程中，压力测点位置与产层中部的距离较大，需将压力数据用气柱压力计算公式折算后再进行试井分析解释。文章以质量、动量和能量三大守恒方程和状态方程为基础，考虑了流动气柱的动能损失以及井筒和地层中复杂的传热机理，推导出计算单相气流在井筒不同部位压力和温度的方法。以坡2井为例，应用目前最新的模块化动态地层测试器MDT地层测试技术，对折算的压力进行了验证和对比分析。结果表明，应用文中的压力计算方法，完全可以满足解释的压力数据精度。另外，在没有进行完井测试前利用MDT测压资料确定地层压力等储层参数是较为直接和可靠的方法。同时此法对川东北飞仙关组高含硫气藏的开发动态监测以控制元素硫在井底和井筒的沉积具有十分重要的指导意义。