Performance of compression/absorption hybrid refrigeration cycle with propane/mineral oil combination

This paper discusses the feasibility of a vapor compression/absorption hybrid refrigeration cycle for energy saving and utilization of waste heat. The cycle employs propane as a natural refrigerant and a refrigeration oil as an absorbent. A prototype of the cycle is constructed, in which a compressor and an absorption unit are combined in series. The performance of the cycle is examined both theoretically and experimentally. Although the solubility of the propane with the oil is not enough as a working pair in the absorption unit, the theoretical calculation shows that the hybrid cycle has a potential to achieve a higher performance in comparison with a simple vapor compression cycle by using the waste heat. In the experiment, the prototype cycle is operated successfully and it is found that an improvement of an absorber is necessary to achieve the good performance close to the theoretical one. The application of an AHE (absorber heat exchanger) can reduce the heat input to a generator. Further examinations on some other combinations of refrigerant/refrigeration oil and additives are desirable.     

Estimate of Landfill Settlements Due to Mechanical and Decompositional Processes

Approximate closed form solutions are developed for estimating the mechanical and decomposition settlement of landfills. The mechanical settlements are the immediate (primary) settlement and long term creep. The decomposition settlements are generated by mass loss and gas generation. Based on the approximate solution, the decomposition settlement can constitute a significant portion of the total settlement and can be in the same order as the mechanical settlements. Settlement remaining after landfill closure depends on the decomposition environment during filling. For an average decomposition environment, postoperation settlement can still be significant 20?years after completion of filling.     

浅谈集成电路的废气处理

集成电路的工业废气有含氟化物、硫酸雾的酸性废气,含氨的碱性废气,含异丙醇、光刻胶的有机废气,含SiO_2的含尘废气,以及含硅烷、磷烷的工艺尾气等,这些工业废气中大部分成分是有毒有害的,必须进行有效的处理才能排入大气中。主要讨论上述工业废气的分类、处理方式、应用范围及应用实例等。     

余热锅炉的发展趋势和欧萨斯锅炉的特点

通过对有色冶金系统余热锅炉的设计和运行之总结，结合欧萨斯锅炉的特点，分析研究了冶金余热锅炉的发展趋势，提出了新的设计思想。     

Water management in the Flemish steel industry: the Arcelor Gent case

Steel production is an energy- and water-intensive process: large quantities of water are used for cooling, process and environmental-technical applications. In the mid-1990s, Arcelor Gent, a large integrated carbon steel producing company in Flanders (Belgium), started a number of water-related projects: the existing water infrastructure was adapted: the water from the coke plant was biologically treated; canal water was demineralised using reverse osmosis; waste water from the blast furnaces was neutralised with alkaline water from the steel plant. As a result of these projects, the quantity of discharged waste water was reduced by a factor of 2 (water recycling doubled from a factor of 10 to a factor of 20), and the discharge of pollutants decreased. Also resource consumption decreased: lime used in the steel plant, could be recovered to precipitate Zn in the waste water of the blast furnaces. Arcelor Gent obtained for these projects several Environmental Awards.     

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将清洁燃料(天然气)的利用与环境结合起来进行研究，是当今世界的前沿科学技术。为了具体说明从天然气开采到使用整个过程中对环境产生的影响，采用生命周期分析的方法对天然气开采、运输、使用等三个阶段中所造成的废弃物排放进行了分析和计算，对整个过程中投入和产出的能量进行了计算，并对天然气合成氨、作为民用燃气、发电、热电联产等天然气利用方法进行了比较。结果表明：与煤、石油等传统能源相比，天然气在各个方面对环境的影响是最小的，是一种理想的清洁能源。     

生活污水用于园林绿化的实验

通过对11种在天津石化公司有代表性的绿化植物10年来应用生活污水的跟踪调查及进行的相关实验证明,直接应用生活污水浇灌绿化植物,对绿化植物生长及对环境造成的负面影响不大.根据实验结果认为,生活污水可以有条件地用于园林绿化,并应注意密切跟踪调查.     

本钢烧结矿冷却及其余热回收的试验研究

从烧结矿冷却并回收其余热的角度出发，介绍了利用烧结机尾落矿空间，采用喷吹空气装置对烧结矿进行冷却的小型模拟试验，从测出的结果来看，有可能成为一种新的烧结矿冷却方式。     

从废旧锌锰电池中回收锌和锰的工艺研究

废旧锌锰干电池经过剖开、焙烧处理，去除汞和碳粉，再用硫酸浸取，滤液采用沉淀法分离锌和锰。锌和锰的回收率分别为94．5％和93．6％。     

非共沸混合工质有机朗肯循环系统变工况特性研究

鉴于分布式能源系统中燃气轮机负荷波动较大,而目前对有机朗肯循环（Organic Rankine Cycle,ORC）研究更注重相同吸热量及其热力性能随初始参数变化的对比,很少考虑燃气轮机负荷降低时导致烟气温度和质量流量均下降对系统性能的影响。通过HYSYS平台构建特性模型,以换热器内窄点温差为约束条件,研究变工况特性ORC工质优选方案。在燃气电厂变负荷工况下,寻求对应系统最大净输出功的最佳运行参数,从热耗率、质量流量和AP值等特性比较,采用不同组分工质的循环性能,经对比发现R152a系统净输出功、热耗率、质量流量在所选工况区间内相比混合工质具有明显优势,而冷凝器AP值及系统热回收率却相反。研究结果为ORC系统二元非共沸混合工质优选提供参考。