Modeling of static concentrator modules incorporating lambertian or v-groove rear reflectors

Ray tracing modeling has been used to calculate the performance of static concentrator modules with a geometric concentration ratio of 2 and incorporating very narrow (1–2 mm), long and bifacial cells. The modules utilize either a v-groove or a lambertian rear reflector. It is shown that the use of very narrow cells allows a performance improvement of 5% or more compared to structures incorporating wider cells, in the case of v-groove reflectors. The averaged yearly performance for both types of reflectors is found to be rather similar, with expected light collection in the range 82–86% of that of a module with 100% cell coverage. Experimental measurements on modules with lambertian reflectors are shown to be in good agreement with the results of modeling.     

一种聚光型太阳能光伏系统的研究

讨论了多平面镜作直线布置的聚光器设计原理，给出了单镜面的面积计算方法和平面镜二维旋转角度的计算方法，并分析了在太阳能电池接收最佳光强Em可获得最佳发电量控制策略要求。实验采用9平面镜构成抛物面聚光器，太阳能电池接收光源达到额定光强的5倍左右，在太阳能电池标准配置下很大地提高了光伏系统的输出功率。     

Salt recovery from agricultural drainage water using a liquid film solar-assisted concentrator – Simulation and model validation

Salt management in irrigated agriculture is critical to the economies of the San Joaquin Valley of California and many other areas around the world. Purified salts can be recovered as marketable products through fractional crystallization following concentration of final stage drainage water from integrated on-farm drainage management systems. To obtain recovered salt and use as a commercial product, new systems which can perform with higher efficiency and lower environmental impact than solar evaporation basins or solar ponds that have previously been used for the final stage are in need of development. For this purpose, a number of solar-assisted brine concentration concepts have been explored, including an open liquid film-type using a tilted evaporation surface described here. Model performance was conceptually evaluated and then experimentally verified.A transient model was developed from energy and component mass balances and employed constitutive heat and mass transfer relationships from various other sources for simulating concentration of agricultural drainage water using a liquid film solar-assisted concentrator.Measured maximum evaporation rate and productivity were between 1.3 and 1.5 kg m⁻² h⁻¹, and 80 kg m⁻² over a 7 day experimental period respectively which was about a third better performance compared with a shallow basin horizontal concentrator. Measurements were in good agreement with model predictions: within 2 °C at the peak and 4 °C at the lowest evaporation, and 0.2 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ for evaporation rates during the peak evaporation periods of the day when compared with independent data sets. Cumulative evaporation rates were from 75 to 85 kg m⁻² for the tilted concentrator model and 60 to 65 kg m⁻² for the horizontal concentrator model after 7 days. The tilted concentrator yielded productivity and efficiency that were 33% higher than the horizontal concentrator according to the experimental result for the same period and location.     

碟式抛物面太阳能聚能器焦面特性数值仿真

结合太阳能聚能器的光学特性,同时考虑了太阳不平行度、跟踪指向误差、镜面的反射误差以及焦面位置误差等误差因素,采用蒙特卡罗法对碟式抛物面太阳能聚能器的焦面特性进行了数值模拟分析,获得在等口径和等焦距条件下,边缘角对焦平面热流分布的影响,为碟式太阳能聚能器的设计和安装提供参考依据。     

Photocatalyzed N-demethylation and degradation of methylene blue in titania dispersions exposed to concentrated sunlight

S imulated wastewaters that con tain methylene blue (MB) were bleached in a photocatalytic aqueous TiO₂ dispersion illuminated by concentrated sunlight using a parabolic round concentrator reactor (PRCR). The kinetic analysis was carried out well when the temporal concentration variation was a function of the concentrated light energy irradiated. The p hotocatalyzed N-demethylation of MB takes place concurrently with photocatalytic decomposition of MB by pseudo- first-order kinetics. The dependence of the photo- decomposition kinetics on the initial concentration of MB is consistent with the Langmuir– Hinshelwood model. Elimination of TOC (total organic carbon) also occurs by pseudo- first-order kinetics prior to full bleaching of the aqueous TiO₂ dispersion, after which the TOC level decreases only slightly. Also, compared with the open to air, the photodegradation of MB is not influenced by molecular oxygen bubbl ing continuously through the reactant suspensions during illumination . TiO₂ loadings and flow rates markedly a ffect the degradation o f MB. Under concentrated sunlight, t he relative photonic efficiency of MB photodegradation i s ζ_rel=0.49 (relative to phenol) . T he efficiency ζ_rel for the degradation of MB is independent of photoreactor geometry (cylindrical bottle reactor versus round-bot tomed flask), of light sources (solar light concentrator versus a Hg lamp) and of the operating mode used (flow versus batch operation).     

Fast-response storage-type solar cooker

All the solar powered cookers presently available in the world market are of the so-called “Reflector Box” type. Despite the fact that they have been presented, for a good few years, to the market and are very simple and low cost they have not managed to establish any meaningful and noticeable presence in a viable commercial sense. This fact is even more in evidence in those markets they are primarily designed for. The reasons to the lack of commercial success for the reflector box type cookers are analysed in some details. The assessment of general features and performance of the reflector box type cooker led to the design of the Fast Response Storage Type Cooker presented in this paper.The new cooker is the result of combination of non-tracking compound parabolic reflector, fast response heat pipes, high-quality and low-cost thermal insulator, low-loss thermal storage battery, glass to metal seals, vacuum technology and bimetal automatic switches. It is capable of storing the solar energy during the day to facilitate cooking during the evenings and nights. A prototype is made and the performance of the elements of the system are presented. It shows how the “waste-energy” of the cooker can be used for other applications.     

利用级联衍射光学元件对多波长混合光实现聚焦、整形和分光谱

衍射光学元件（Diffractive optical elements ,DOE）具有独特的色散特性和灵活的设计自由度,将多个DOE级联用于太阳能电池聚光系统可同时实现聚焦、整形和分光谱功能。文中给出了设计思想和算法,并用七波长混合光作入射光进行模拟,优化后在目标面得到七个形状规则且完全分开的均匀圆斑。将此级联结构应用到太阳能聚光系统可有效提高太阳能利用效率。     

高效斜管式浓缩池的应用

本文介绍了高效斜管式浓缩池的结构及在尾矿浓缩中系统中使用效果。     

钛浓缩釜的改造

就化工钛设备，成功地使用异种材料与设备本体进行嫁接，作了阐述。     

Quantum dot solar concentrators: Electrical conversion efficiencies and comparative concentrating factors of fabricated devices

A novel, non-tracking concentrator is described, which uses nano-scale quantum dot technology to render the concept of a fluorescent dye solar concentrator (FSC) a practical proposition. The quantum dot solar concentrator (QDSC) comprises quantum dots (QDs) seeded in materials such as plastics and glasses that are suitable for incorporation into building façades. Photovoltaic (PV) cells attached to the edges convert direct and diffuse solar energy collected into electricity for use in the building. Small scale QDSC devices were fabricated. Devices have been characterised to determine current, voltage and power readings. Electrical conversion efficiencies, fill factors and comparative concentrating factors are reported.