四川雅砻江某泥石流沟基本特征及防治措施

选取雅砻江上某典型泥石流沟进行研究,通过现场详细的勘查调研,分析并总结出了泥石流形成区、流通区、堆积区的基本特征,在此基础上,结合该流域泥石流的特点,有针对性的提出了两种防治措施方案,通过比选,最终确定"沟槽排导"方案为推荐方案。     

单元嵌套网格产汇流理论

凭借"大数据"可以精细刻画降雨空间分布和下垫面空间变异性的优势,提出了"大数据"背景下考虑降雨空间分布和下垫面空间变异性对流域产汇流影响的计算方法,即单元嵌套网格剖分流域的方法。通过引入"网格水滴"的概念揭示了流域瞬时单位线的物理本质,对由RodriguezIturbe和Valdes所提出R-V地貌瞬时单位线理论进行补充,分析了等流时线法和单位线法的局限性,提出的单元嵌套网格产汇理论既克服了等流时线法和单位线法的缺点,也吸取了它们的优点,为在"大数据"支撑下统一等流时线和单位线法提供了可行性。     

Determination of water content in crude oil emulsion by LF-NMR CPMG sequence

Transverse relaxation times (T2) and T2 spectrum for crude oil emulsions with different water content are obtained by low field nuclear magnetic resonance Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence and various methods to determine the water content are investigated. The results show that there are three methods to accurately determine the water content. When water content is greater than 20.0wt%, determination through T2 value of emulsions is fastest with the relative error below 2.5%. T2 spectrum show the characteristics of multiple peaks, and T2 value of the peaks originated from water are suitable for determination of water content for O/W emulsions. A method is developed and optimized to determine the water content by using the peak-area ratio in T2 spectrum, which is not limited by the water content and the form of emulsion.     

Biomass availability and quality produced by vineyard management during a period of 15 years

Agricultural residue could become a potential biomass source for energy production because it is available every year in areas accessible to tractors and vehicles. The aim of this work was to quantify the biomass available and its fuel characteristics, considering pruning residue from management of five main vine varieties planted in northwest Italy (barbera, dolcetto, cortese, cabernet sauvignon, and moscato) for a period of 15 years (from 2000 to 2014). Throughout the test period, pruning residue production ranged between 0.45 and 1.34 kg (1850–5360 kg ha⁻¹) per plant. The average higher heating value of the five vine varieties tested ranged from 17.92 to 18.02 MJ kg⁻¹, whereas the lower calorific value ranged between 7.34 and 7.96 MJ kg⁻¹. The average ash content was approximately 3.85%. No statistical difference in biofuel characteristics was found between the vine varieties considered. This study highlights the high potential of vineyard pruning residue as a biofuel for energy production. In contrast, it is of considerable importance to know that biomass production can vary considerably between vine varieties and between years. This latter aspect is very important because, according to reference years, it is possible to under- or overestimate biomass production.     

Strawberries from integrated pest management and organic farming: Phenolic composition and antioxidant properties

Consumer awareness, pesticide and fertilizer contaminations and environmental concerns have resulted in significant demand for organically grown farm produce. Consumption of berries has become popular among health-conscious consumers due to the high levels of valuable antioxidants, such as anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds. The present study evaluated the influence that organic farming (OF) and integrated pest management (IPM) practise exert on the total phenolic content in 22 strawberry samples from four varieties. Postharvest performance of OF and IPM strawberries grown in the same area in the centre of Portugal and harvested at the same maturity stage were compared. Chemical profiles (phenolic compounds) were determined with the aid of HPLC-DAD/MS. Total phenolic content was higher for OF strawberry extracts. This study showed that the main differences in bioactive phytochemicals between organically and IPM grown strawberries concerned their anthocyanin levels. Organically grown strawberries were significantly higher in antioxidant activity than were the IPM strawberries, as measured by DPPH and FRAP assays.     

2 500 t/d新型干法水泥生产线热工标定与分析

对AXNW水泥厂2500t/d生产线进行热工标定并分析,该厂熟料产量平均在2850t/d,超过设计产量的14%。系统烧成热耗3308.69k J/kg,高于全国平均水平。C1筒出口温度为290℃,处于国内先进水平,其氧含量达到4.9%,偏高。篦冷机冷却效果欠佳,风室存在风短路现象,直接影响了熟料质量和余热发电量,热回收效率偏低。该烧成系统还有较大的提升潜力,如果通过改进和优化,精细化管理和操作,熟料产能还可以得到进一步的提高,热耗及电耗可明显下降。     

Improvement of the quality of gluten‐free sponge cake using different levels and particle sizes of carrot pomace powder

In this study, carrot pomace powder (CPP) with particle sizes of 210 μm (CPP210) and 500 μm (CPP500) was added in the gluten‐free sponge cake recipe. Flour (rice and corn flour, 1:1, w/w) was replaced with 0, 10, 20 and 30% CPP. With increasing the level and particle size of CPP, batter density, viscosity, consistency and firmness increased. The control cake had a dense, hard texture, irregular shape and low sensory scores. These properties improved with addition of CPP so that the cake density, hardness and cohesiveness reduced, while symmetry index and sensory scores increased. Varying the particle size of CPP had no considerable effects on most of the batter and cake properties, while increasing the level of CPP had great positive effects on the quality of batter and cake. Overall, addition of 30% CPP with either of the particle sizes resulted in an acceptable gluten‐free cake.     

Geographical characterisation of honeys according to their mineral content and antioxidant activity using a chemometric approach

In this article, discrimination models are presented, relating the origin of honey samples to several variables, being the concentrations of different cations and anions in the honey samples measured by ion chromatography, and parameters that measure/reflect the antioxidant activity of the honey samples. The unsupervised method, principal component analysis, and supervised discrimination methods, such as linear and quadratic discriminant analysis, and classification and regression trees (CART), were applied to evaluate the existence of data patterns and the relationship between geographical origin and the measured parameters. The model with the best predictive ability (%CCR_TEST = 66.67%), the best overall % specificity (80%) and the best overall % sensitivity (67%) was found to be CART. It was proven that the mineral content and parameters analysed can provide enough information for the geographical characterisation and discrimination of honey.     

Edible mushrooms: a potential source of essential amino acids,glucans and minerals

The main chemical and biochemical constituents of nine edible mushrooms were evaluated in this study. An enzymatic method was used to determine the α‐ and β‐glucan contents, and the amino acid (AA) profiles were evaluated by RP‐HPLC‐DAD. The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of the nutrients was evaluated. Finally, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to group the mushrooms according to their AA, glucans and chemical composition. All mushrooms evaluated can be considered as a potential and alternative source of dietary fibre (24.4–46.62%) and protein (16.47–36.96%) in a diet, with low contents of fat (1.40–2.08%). Phosphorus, potassium, iron, copper and zinc were the main minerals found in the mushrooms, whereas sodium concentration was negligible. All essential AA were detected in the mushrooms, with Pleurotus ostreatus (black oyster) representing the main source of essential amino acids among the samples. The contents of β‐glucan ranged from 1.58 to 16.91 mg g^?1 of dry matter among the mushrooms and Pleurotus eryngii presented the highest amount of this component. Pleurotus ostreatus (black oyster) and P. eryngii were also grouped together due to similarities in their phosphorous and arginine contents. Among the main results, it can highlight the high concentration of dietary fibre and essential amino acids of the edible mushrooms.     

HarVis: An integrated social media content analysis framework for YouTube platform

YouTube (owned by Google Inc.) is arguably among most popular social media platforms used by millions across the globe. It provides an ever-growing, unique and rich source of content which presents new opportunities and challenges for information discovery and analysis. It is pertinent to explore and understand a topic via YouTube content to discover interesting information about public opinions and sentiments. This paper presents an integrated framework to facilitate the acquisition, storage, management, processing, and visualization of relevant content with the objective to assist in such analysis. It not only collects a significant portion of content, relevant to a given topic, in short time but also offers tools for visual exploratory analysis such as; (i) temporal evolution, (ii) vocabulary network, (iii) authors relative popularity and influence (iv) categories and (v) user communities and influencers. The utility and effectiveness is demonstrated through content analysis of a famous YouTube entertainment topic, the “Gangnam Style”.