Shape-memory effect in Co-Ni single crystal

The thermal shape-memory effect at room temperature for Co-32% Ni(mass fraction) magnetic shape memory alloy of single crystal was presented. When compressing the sample along the [001] direction at room temperature, strain can be recovered to some extent during later heating and the recovery rate varies with the pre-strain.But no obvious recoverable strain can be obtained along other crystal directions. For the thermal-mechanical training of the sample along [001], the recovery strain decreases obviously during the second round of compress and nearly no recovery happens after the third round of compress. A possible mechanism based on reversible motions of Shockley partial dislocations was proposed.     

腐蚀磨损中几种测量纯机械磨损分量方法的比较

研究了腐蚀磨损交互作用量中纯机械磨损分量的测量方法,采用暂态腐蚀磨损试验机,并将试样分别置于单纯的蒸馏水中,或置于蒸馏水后同时加以阴极保护或添加缓蚀剂的三种条件下进行测量,并用空气中的磨损量作对比。3种方法得到的纯机械磨损量和摩擦系数接近,可作为腐蚀磨损交互作用中各分量的计算,但在蒸馏水中因纯铁和1045钢有腐蚀仍不宜使用。     

CCD在塞曼效应中的应用及最佳灰度值的确定

用CCD观测系统取代传统的塞曼效应实验仪观测系统。对采集的图像进行分析并确定图像的最佳灰度值。不但提高了实验精度，而且缩短了实验时间。该实验方法对拓宽学生知识面，开发计算机的应用起到了一定作用，值得在其他实验中推广。     

金属纳米微粒熔化热力学性能的尺寸形状效应

利用表征纳米微粒形状效应的形状因子与金属纳米微粒结合能的尺寸效应表达式，建立了金属纳米微粒尺寸形状效应的熔化热力学模型，预测了金属纳米微粒存在的最小临界尺寸为rc=5r0/μ^1/2{1-exp[-2Sm(∞）/3κ]}，最低熔化温度为Tc(r)=Tm(∞)exp[-2Sm(∞)／3κ]．对纳米微粒Au，In，Al和Sn熔点、熔化熵及熔化焓的预测值与实验结果相一致。     

Fe-Cr-Mn奥氏体合金的辐照体胀与诱起晶界偏析行为的研究SCIEI

本文采用电子束辐照,研究了Fe-15Cr-xMn合金以及添加W,V合金的孔洞体胀和诱起晶界偏析行为,并对包含晶界在内的辐照区进行成分分析。结果表明,在Fe-Cr-Mn系合金中孔洞体胀孕育期可以被强烈抑制,晶界偏析也减少。特别是,合金中添加W,V效果更加明显。用Mn代替Ni,通常要发生体胀和相的不稳定性,由于反Kirkendall效应导致Ni和Mn的扩散行为不同,使Fe富集在尾闾处,局部地区形成铁素体,有利于减少体胀和晶界偏析。     

The influence of grain-boundary segregation of Y in Cr2O3 on the oxidation of Cr metal

The oxidation behavior at 900°C of pure Cr and Cr implanted with 2×10¹⁶ Y ions/cm² was studied. The kinetics of oxidation were measured thermogravimetrically and manometrically. The mechanisms of oxide growth were studied using¹⁸O-tracer oxidation experiments, and the composition and microstructure of the oxide scales were characterized by TEM and STEM. Segregation of Y cations at Cr₂O₃ grain boundaries was found to be the critical factor governing changes in the oxidation behavior of Cr upon the addition of Y. In the absence of Y, pure Cr oxidized by the outward diffusion of cations via grain boundaries in the Cr₂O₃ scale. When Y was present at high concentration in the scale, as when Cr implanted with 2×10¹⁰ Y ions/cm² was oxidized, anion diffusion predominated. It is concluded that strain-induced segregation of Y at grain boundaries in the oxide reduced the cation flux along the grain boundaries. The rate of oxidation was reduced because the grain-boundary diffusivity of cations became lower than the grain-boundary diffusivity of the anions, which then controlled the rate of oxidation. Changes in the relative rates of Cr³⁺ and O^2– transport, as well as a solute-drag effect exerted by Y on the oxide grain boundaries, resulted in changes in the microstructure of the oxide.     

奥氏体预变形温度对提高Fe－Mn－Si合金记忆效应的影响

本文研究了５７３─１０７３Ｋ温度范围内３％奥氏体预变形对Ｆｅ－２９．９％Ｍｎ－６．０％Ｓｉ合金记忆效应的影响．结果表明，固溶态的样品经奥氏体预变形后，在室温变形时，记忆应变（ε（ｔｒ））、应变回复率（η）及记忆应变达到饱和所对应的应变值都得到了明显的提高：随预变形温度升高，室温经约２．５％变形后应变回复率增加，并在合金动态再结晶开始温度９７３Ｋ预变形后具有最大值９８％；经９７３Ｋ预变形，合金的最大记忆应变由固溶态的１．７％提高至３．８％，完全记忆应变达２．２％；奥氏体预变形的作用在于降低了室温诱发ε马氏体的临界应力．     

NiAl合金的高温形状记忆效应SCIEI

观察到Ｎｉ－３４．６ａｔ．－％Ａｌ薄带单程和双程形状记忆效应（ＳＭＥ），单程ＳＭＥ发生在３００℃以上并具有很好的形状恢复率（１００％）。经高温退火后合金中产生了体积分数为１６％的延性γ′－Ｎｉ_３Ａｌ沉淀相、延性和韧性有进一步改善，同时发现退火后的薄带也具有良好的单程和双程高温ＳＭＥ。结果表明富Ｎｉ的ＮｉＡｌ有可能成为新型高温形状记忆合金（ＳＭＡ）。     

高能脉冲电源及其在铸造中的应用研究

介绍自行研制的一款电压在1～3 kV、最大峰值电流可达1.7MA的脉冲发生装置--XJDMC型高能脉冲电源。电源的电压、输出能量可以调节,能够对充电电压、储能电容、充放电时间进行设置。研究了电压在1、2 kV,电流脉冲峰值为1.7MA时对Al-4wt%Cu合金铸造组织的影响。分析了Al-4wt%Cu合金组织的晶粒尺寸和脉冲电流、电压、冲击频率以及电路自振荡频率之间的相关性。结果表明：脉冲电压2kV、电容的冲击频率为0.5 Hz、电路的振荡频率为50 Hz时,脉冲电流对Al-4wt%Cu合金作用后,晶粒尺寸由1.5mm减小到0.2 mm。在合金凝固过程中施加脉冲电流能够有效细化晶粒尺寸,提高合金的力学性能。     

LY12铝合金摩擦焊接过程的电场效应

定量研究了外加强电场对LY12铝合金摩擦焊接头热影响区（HFZ）中动态再结晶区宽度与晶粒尺寸的影响，并初步探讨了其影响机制。实验结果表明，外加强电场使动态再结晶区晶粒细化、等轴性提高，超细等轴晶区亦加宽。此外，采用较高焊接压力时，电场的引入使焊接接头的动态再结晶区宽度增大10％－30％；采用中等摩擦压力施焊时，电场的作用不但使焊接接头动态再结晶区宽度明显增加，而且还影响其沿径向的分布形态，使近轴心线处的动态再结晶区宽度趋于均匀，可以推断，外加强电场可使摩擦焊接头更易发生动态再结晶，而且强电场使焊合区组织的细化与均匀化，有利于提高焊接接头性能。