松花江流域城市水域景观特色优化策略

松花江是北方重要河流,流域自然环境形成了滨江城市生长的独特地理背景,表现出鲜明的地方特色,流域文化是城市文化特色的本源。吉林、哈尔滨、佳木斯都是松花江干流沿岸以＂江城＂闻名的综合性城市,它们所处的地理位置及城水关系不同,特点鲜明。本文通过对其滨水空间自然景观元素、人工景观元素及文化景观元素进行比较,研究寒地滨水城市水景观环境之间的差异,从这些差异中提炼城市景观特质,加以分析、总结,提出松花江流域城市水域空间景观优化策略。     

An environmental purpose artificial island off Belgium

Processing municipal and industrial wastes on land and particularly near inhabited centra has met with increased opposition. An apparent remedy to the problem is the establishment of such facilities offshore, hence various projects to build them on artificial islands. The paper examines a concrete proposal to locate such an island offshore from the Belgian Coast. Oceanographic and environmental aspects of the site are discussed, construction methods reviewed, erosion and corrosion effects looked at. The possibility of utilizing ocean power to provide the necessary operation energy is likewise considered.     

Cities as planning models

A key feature of modern planning history has been the identification of cities admired for their ‘good planning’. In varying degrees, they have stimulated emulation, selective or partial borrowing, or even direct copying of their admired planning features. Model cities at different phases of planning history include Paris, Frankfurt, Vienna, Moscow, London, Stockholm, Barcelona, Chicago, New York, Portland and Vancouver. In recent years, new models have emerged, such as Singapore or Curitiba. The article considers how such cities became or are becoming models. It examines the methods by which the knowledge and reputation of the ‘model’ are promoted and disseminated. The importance of key actors, and visits, conferences and exhibitions focused on planning issues are considered. So too are less specific factors which help draw the gaze of a wider world. The article also considers whether such cities were/are places where new planning approaches have been invented or where they were implemented on a larger scale. Overall the paper discusses a key and strengthening feature in the circulation of contemporary planning knowledge. It does not answer all the surrounding questions in any definitive sense but opens up new debates about planning and the processes behind its historical evolution.     

山地城市社区居家养老的基础服务设施配套构建

养老既是家庭的义务,也是社会的服务,亦是政府的职责.随着我国老龄化社会进程加快,在自有住房拥有率较高,小型化家庭赡养能力减弱,而社会养老机构供给不足的情况下,传统的家庭养老已变成社区居家养老.为实现山地城市社区居家养老,需要配套构建相关基础服务设施.文章在分析老年人居家养老的心理行为特点的基础上,提出社区应建设的养老基础设施类型,论述配套建设方法策略.     

我国资源型城市“高碳锁定”的内在机制及解锁路径——以安徽省淮北市为例

从“高碳锁定”效应在资源型城市中的表现及其影响切入,以安徽省淮北市为例,从技术层面、产业层面、制度层面及其综合层面分析我国资源型城市“高碳锁定”的内在机制,进而结合淮北实际,探讨了资源型城市“高碳锁定”的解锁路径与策略.     

浅析城市保障性住区的低碳规划--基于智慧低碳城市的研究

低碳发展是世界经济社会的潮流和趋势。“十二五”期间,我国制定了3600万套保障性住房建设的目标。我国正处于社会主义经济转型关键时期,我们如何实现经济增长与环境保护的共赢？本文就此进行思考,探索保障性住区的生态建设在法律法规、政策引导、生态规划以及居民自身等各方面的低碳策略,希冀对相关研究提供借鉴。     

城市地下空间开发利用现状及未来发展理念

城市快速发展出现诸如环境污染、资源短缺、交通拥堵、房价高等“大城市病”问题,破解“大城市病”的最佳选择在于开展城市地下空间开发利用。归纳我国大城市建设存在的“大城市病”特征,提出了城市地下空间开发利用对于城市可持续发展的现实意义,对国内外城市地下空间开发现状进行了综述,明确了当前城市地下空间开发利用存在的核心问题及发展方向;基于国内外现状分析,明确进行了我国未来地下城市空间开发利用的发展原则;提出未来地下城市规划布局发展的若干理念,从法制构建角度倡导树立第四国土、地下红线理念;从规划、设计、建造角度推崇融合设计、规划留白、智慧建造等理念;从空间角度提议采用节点TOD空间布局理念;从可持续发展角度坚持以人为本理念。本研究综述及发展理念旨在为未来大城市立体空间联动利用提供模式借鉴。     

David Godschalk

David R. Godschalk, professor emeritus in the Department of City and Regional Planning at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, passed away in early 2018. In this essay we reflect on Dave’s planning scholarship and practice. We discuss his main contributions in 4 prominent areas. First is the importance of public participation and collaboration for the planning and governance of communities. He argued for democratizing and recasting public participation, with planners working alongside community members coproducing plans and incorporating uncertainty, new information, and different viewpoints. Second is Dave’s focus on the tenets of the comprehensive plan and its core element, the land use plan. In the plan, central principles of livable urban forms and model planning processes can be integrated and translated to practice. With academic collaborators and practitioners he pioneered theoretical and empirical research on what constitutes a high-quality plan, a fundamental question at the heart of planning. Third is his research demonstrating how spatial planning can be used for hazard mitigation and urban resilience. This work forged a new generation of planning academics and practitioners who focused on hazard plans for predisaster mitigation and postdisaster recovery at multiple governmental levels. Finally, fourth is his personal involvement in planning-related institutions that he helped create, lead, or steer. In his various roles as scholar, teacher, mentor, collaborator, supervisor, planning director, and elected official, Dave touched the lives of many who now build on his contributions in creating better communities.     

Comprehensive planning in Japanese large cities

Comprehensive planning has been a key activity of local governments in Japan. This paper discusses the history of the comprehensive planning concept and argues that the purpose of comprehensive planning in large Japanese cities (dai-toshi) differs from that in Western cities. Specifically, Japanese comprehensive plans reflect Japan’s distinctive planning and political culture, such as the country’s history of granting gradually increased local autonomy to its cities under the Local Government Act, and the implementation of top-down plans prepared and implemented by powerful mayors and bureaucracies. Since year 2000 comprehensive plans for Japanese large cities have begun to change due to lower rates of economic growth, population stability, and ageing, alongside the challenges of introducing more efficiency and effectiveness into the planning process.     

资源型城市转型中旅游业地位与作用研究

资源产业的特殊性使得产业转型成为资源型城市在发展到一定阶段后的必经之路。西方发达国家在经济发展过程中也遇到了资源型城市转型和发展接续产业的现实问题，并根据各自地区特点，摸索出衰退产业区振兴的不同模式。在我国，由于自然资源禀赋的特征及新中国成立初期的特定历史背景，资源型城市分布面积之广、所面临的衰退趋势之严峻更是引起了政府和相关专家学者的高度重视。通过考察具有代表性的德国鲁尔在经济转型和发展循环旅游经济方面的经验和做法，本文对资源型城市转型中旅游业产业地位的有关问题作了较为全面深入的研究。旨在能为我国资源型城市产业转型提供思路及为制定相关政策提供可借鉴的参考。