剪切速率在大型塑料注射模设计中的拓展应用

通过对聚合物熔体流变学的研究,探讨了剪切速率的变化对塑件成型的影响,以及其与塑料注射模浇口形式和尺寸的关系,并将其实际应用到汽车大型塑件注射模浇注系统的设计中,取得了较好的效果。     

A new partitioning process for high-level liquid waste by extraction chromatography using silica-substrate chelating agent impregnated adsorbents

To separate the long-lived minor actinides (MA(III) = Am(III), Cm(III)) and some specific fission products (FP) such as Pd(II), Mo(VI), Cs(I) and Sr(II) from high-level liquid waste (HLLW), we have been studying a new partitioning process by extraction chromatography using several novel silica-based extraction resins. In this work, we examined the separation behavior of the elements contained in a simulated MA-effluent by the CMPO/SiO₂P packed column. In addition, as an attempt to further isolate Am(III) and Cm(III) from the heavy RE(III) such as Eu(III), Gd(III) and Dy(III) contained in the MA-effluent, we investigated the possibility of separation by using a silica-based cationic exchange resin. Furthermore, to isolate Sr(II) from the HLLW, adsorption and separation performances of Sr(II) and some other FP elements were studied by using a novel silica-based crown ether extraction resin, DtBuCH18C6/SiO₂P. The experimental results demonstrated that the elements in the simulated MA-effluent can be successfully separated to (1) Pd, (2) MA-hRE and (3) Zr–Mo, by CMPO/SiO₂P packed column using water and a dilute DTPA solution as eluents. Am(III) and Cm(III) are expected to be effectively separated from light RE(III) and Y(III) by the SiSCR cationic resin. However, more effective separation between Am(II), Cm(III) and heavy RE(III) such as Eu(III), Gd(III) and Dy(III) needs further approach. DtBuCH18C6/SiO₂P showed a highly selective adsorption for Sr(III) so that the Sr(II) could be completely separated from other FPs except a portion of Ba(II).     

硫化物改质对20MnCr5齿轮钢夹杂物和切削性能的影响

 齿轮钢广泛应用于汽车、机械等传动系统,易切削化是提高齿轮加工效率、降低制造成本的主要途径之一。提高钢中硫元素含量是改善齿轮钢切削性能的有效方式,然而过多的硫元素在轧制时会形成条带状MnS,增大钢的各向异性,因此需要对硫化物进行改制处理。分别采用Ca处理和Mg处理两种方式对20MnCr5齿轮钢进行硫化物改质,通过对力学性能、组织形态、夹杂物分布以及切削性能等表征,对比分析不同改制方式对材料的影响。结果表明,Ca处理和Mg处理后试验钢的强度和塑性保持一致,而Mg处理试样的晶粒尺寸较小,因而韧性较高。Ca处理试验钢中MnS夹杂物数量较多,长条状夹杂物比例相对较高;而采用Mg处理可以有效降低钢中夹杂物的数量,夹杂物平均尺寸有所增大,同时小长径比夹杂物数量增多,但是复合氧化物型夹杂物的数量也有所增加。在240~280 m/min条件下进行了干切削试验,结果表明两种试验钢均出现前刀面磨损、后刀面磨损和边界磨损,其中Ca处理试样的刀具磨损较为严重,同时在较高切削速度下出现了积屑瘤和崩角现象,而Mg处理试样则具有更长的刀具使用寿命,对切削速度的敏感性也较低。分析可知,Mg处理后钢中存在较多的大尺寸球状硫化物夹杂物,提高了应力集中效应,更有利于改善切削性能,因而改制效果更好。     

废铅膏湿法脱硫工艺和利用技术研究进展

总结了近年来国内外废铅蓄电池回收的工艺特点,重点对铅膏湿法脱硫工艺及利用技术进行了综述,整体分为固-液、固-固两大脱硫技术体系,对比分析了现有技术特色与不足;从湿法预脱硫反应机理及其模型评述了湿法脱硫工艺的关键控制因素,探讨了脱硫过程中由产物层包覆引起的反应不彻底的问题;针对此问题,分析并且肯定了剪切、碰撞、研磨等机械强化方式对传质过程的促进作用,在此基础上,提出了边磨边浸出式强化脱硫的工艺发展方向。     

国内铝工业全行业铝灰特性和利用处置技术研究进展

为对我国铝工业全行业铝灰的特性进行总结归纳,通过收集国内24家大型铝行业企业的不同类型铝灰样品进行pH、含盐量、元素含量、重金属等测试分析,梳理了各行业铝灰的来源特性、成分特性及污染特性;针对当前国内铝灰利用处置市场的活跃需求,归纳总结了铝灰规模化利用处置技术实践进展及发展方向,以期为全行业铝灰的利用处置提供借鉴和指导。     

废旧印刷电路板熔池熔炼技术节能降碳分析

分析了废旧印刷电路板主要种类的理化特性,结合顶吹熔池熔炼技术的优势,在控制入炉料热值为8.5~9.5 MJ/kg时,通过增加富氧空气使炉料中的有机质充分燃烧,基本能够实现自热熔炼。经过计算,粗铜能耗为220 kgce/t,与矿铜相比可节约2 520 kgce/t,减少CO2排放6.60 t/t,与再生铜相比节约170 kgce/t,减少CO2排放459 kg/t。废旧印刷电路板熔池熔炼技术示范工程实际生产过程中,维持进料时间在2.5~3.0 h时,除停炉放渣及停炉期间需补加燃料外,正常生产时,超过80%生产时间能够实现自热熔炼。     

马钢直弧型板坯连铸机的设计

介绍了马钢 2 5 0 mm× 1 40 0 mm直弧型坯连铸机设计指导思想、连铸机主要技术性能指标、工艺流程、设备组成及采取的技术措施 :无氧化浇注 ,连续弯曲矫直 ,二冷区气雾冷却及自动控制 ,在线短定尺二次切割 ,对称式双向出坯 ,防止测量基准移位和台阶式对弧样板等。     

变速器螺纹板切槽模设计

介绍了螺纹板切槽模的设计，以及模具中易损部件的结构和固定方式，不需从压力机上拆卸模具，就可完成易损部件的更换修理，从而提高模具及设备使用效率，降低生产成本。     

基于FANUC数控系统实现刀具寿命管理

文章结合HARDINGE数控车床实例，介绍了如何利用FANUC18T数控系统中提供的计数器跟踪刀具加工的次数，通过新增一个刀具寿命管理功能模块的PMC子程序，为用户提供一个友好、可视、便捷的刀具寿命管理功能。对今后类似的设备功能设计和改进都具有实际的指导意义和参考价值。     

Biosorption behaviors of Cu, Zn, Cd and mixture by waste activated sludge

Biosorption of heavy metal ions, such as Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺, was carried out using waste activated sludge from municipal sewage treatment plant as adsorption material, and the effects of parameters, such as pH value, temperature, reaction time and sorption duration, were studied in detail. The results indicate that the removal rates of Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ with low concentration are 96.47%, 80% and 90%, respectively, adsorbed by waste activated sludge. Little effect of dosage of activated sludge on the adsorption of Cu²⁺ and more effects on the adsorption of Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ are observed. Little effect of temperature is observed, while pH value and adsorption time exert important influence on the sorption process. The adsorption behaviors of heavy metal ions all have parabolic relationships with pH value. The optimum pH value is between 6 and 10, and the optimum adsorption time is 1 h. In single heavy metal ion system, the sorption processes of Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ are in accordance with Freundlich model, which indicates that it is suitable for the treatment of these three heavy metal ions using intermittent operation. In addition, the sorption capacity of the sludge for Cu²⁺ is preferential to the other two ions.