Thin-skin analysis technique for interaction of arbitrary-shape inducer field with long cracks in ferromagnetic metals

In using the AC field measurement (ACFM) technique for non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of metals, a current-carrying wire structure is used to induce eddy current within a thin layer of the metal and a magnetic field sensor to measure the field perturbations in the vicinity of the metal. The sensitivity of ACFM crack detection and sizing relies on an appropriate design of the wire structure geometry together with a dully placement of the sensor. This paper presents an analytical modeling technique for evaluating the electromagnetic field interaction of an ACFM probe with a long uniform crack in a ferromagnetic metallic slab. The probe in the proposed model can have an arbitrary-shape wire inducer with no restrictions on its relative sensor position. The technique is accurate and very efficient computationally. It first uses the two-dimensional Fourier transform to obtain the field distribution at the metal surface. The Laplacian field distribution above the metal is then determined by satisfying the so-obtained boundary condition at air–metal interface. To demonstrate the accuracy of the model, we consider the special case of a rhombic wire inducer. The comparison of our results with those obtained using the conventional algorithm in the literature validates the accuracy of the model introduced in this paper. To show the generality of the model, we also present theoretical and experimental results associated with a solenoid inducer with a three-dimensional geometry for which no analytical solution is available in the literature. The theoretical prediction of crack signal supported by experimental results is used to develop a model-based method for inverting crack signal into crack depth.     

热连轧机工作辊热辊形仿真研究

采用差分法建立了轧辊二维瞬态温度场及热辊形的预报模型 ,可用于实际生产的在线热辊形预报 ;利用实际生产参数模拟轧制和空冷过程中的工作辊热辊形 ,计算结果与实测值相符 ;就不同条件下工作辊热变形规律进行了分析 ,对热轧生产的工艺安排、组织和热磨辊具有实际意义     

坩埚内壁碳膜对Bridgman法生长CdZnTe晶体热应力的影响

采用热弹性模型计算了垂直Bridgman(VB)法生长CdZnTe单晶体过程中的应力场,研究了坩埚内壁碳膜的厚度对晶体内热应力的影响.计算结果表明:晶体边缘与坩埚内壁接触位置的热应力远大于晶体中心处的热应力.晶体生长过程中存在两个高应力区:与坩埚接触的晶体底部与顶部(固/液界面下方)区,两个区的最大应力值在凝固过程中迅速增加,在随后的晶体冷却过程中较缓慢增大.增加碳膜厚度可以显著减小晶体边缘的热应力,然而对晶体中心的热应力影响较小.晶体生长完成85%左右时,用涂石墨坩埚生长的晶体比用石英坩埚生长的晶体的最大热应力小55%以上.     

交变电场下不锈钢钝化膜的钼酸盐修饰研究

根据不锈钢钝化膜的生长过程和钼酸盐的电化学反应机理，调制了相应的交变电场，并获得钼酸盐修饰的不锈钢钝化膜；用XPS和电化学测试研究了钝化膜的组成和性能.结果表明：调制相应的交变电场可以获得所需的组成结构和性能的产物；膜层具有理想的组成结构和性能，其耐蚀性得到提高.     

300 kA铝电解槽中焦粒焙烧过程温度场的仿真优化

使用有限元法建立了300 kA铝电解槽的焦粒焙烧三维1/4整槽模型,针对目前普遍采用焦粒均匀铺设方式,对其焦粒焙烧过程的温度分布与变化特征进行了瞬态数值仿真研究。当前的焦粒焙烧启动方式存在阴极表面温差过大、各阴极炭块随空间位置不同温度分布差异过大、端部第1至第3块阴极炭块平均温度低于900℃、阴极炭块和捣固糊升温速度过快等缺陷。提出在阴极表面从电解槽边缘向中心依次铺设电阻率递增的焦粒层的优化焙烧方案,并进行温度场仿真计算。结果表明：该优化方案可以使阴极表面温度分布更加均匀,端部第1至第3块阴极炭块表面温差比优化前降低8%以上,中间第4至第13块阴极炭块表面温差降低30%以上,阴极炭块和阴极缝糊平均升温速度降低12%,该优化方案更有利于减少电解槽的早期破损。     

Microstructures and constituents of super-high strength aluminum alloy ingots made through LFEC process

Ingots of a new super-high strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy were produced respectively by low frequency electromagnetic casting (LFEC) and by conventional direct chill (DC) casting process. Microstructure and constituents of the ingots were studied. The results indicated that the LFEC process significantly refines microstructure and constituents of the alloy, and to some extent, decreases the area (or volume) fraction of constituents and eutectic structure precipitated at grain boundaries. But, no difference in the type of constituents was observed between LFEC and DC ingots. The results also showed LFEC process can improve the as-cast mechanical properties.     

基于虚力栅格法的移动机器人实时避障和导航

综合虚拟力场法和栅格法的优点,研究了移动机器人的导航和避障的问题.此方法采用确定栅格描述障碍物,具有简易、直观的特点,它使机器人在移动过程中能够检测到未知的障碍物并避开它,实现机器人朝着目标点移动.仿真结果表明,该方法具有良好的可行性和有效性.     

Calculation of temperature field near stagnation point in explosive welding

0IntroductionResearch of temperature field near stagnation pointquantificationally is of great importance to control the qual-ity of explosive welding. If the temperature at the weldinginterface is too high the material will melt in excess andthe metal plates can not be welded well and if the tempera-ture is too lowthe plates can not be well-knit. At the sametime to calculate the heat behavior in the flow field of ex-plosive welding quantificationally is the basis to analyze themetallurgic eff…     

研究合金定向凝固组织的脉冲磁场设备的研制

介绍了脉冲电磁场发生设备的工作原理 ,设计等。并介绍了其如何与合金的定向凝固设备结合 ,以实现对合金的定向凝固组织在脉冲电磁场作用下的研究。     

外场处理对低合金钢焊接接头组织和性能的影响

研究了电磁搅拌、氩弧表层处理、超声喷丸处理对低合金钢焊接接头组织和性能的影响。结果表明 :电磁搅拌促进奥氏体晶粒内针状铁素体生成和细化 ,使针状铁素体的含量由 85%提高到 92 % ,从而提高了焊缝金属的韧度。氩弧加热处理使焊缝表层发生熔化和重结晶 ,可消除焊缝表层的柱状晶 ,处理后的组织主要由针状和细晶铁素体组成。对接头焊趾部位进行氩弧快速重熔处理可消除焊趾部位的几何截面突变 ,使焊缝与母材圆滑过渡 ,有利于消除焊趾部位的应力集中 ,对抗应力腐蚀性能十分有益 ;焊趾部位热影响区中粗大的晶粒细化。表面高能喷丸处理使焊接接头表面层形成尺寸均匀的等轴状纳米晶 ,不仅提高了表层的硬度 ,而且可使焊接接头的疲劳强度提高 50 %。