基于透明土技术与颗粒流方法联合开展管涌细观机理研究

我国现今拥有堤防总长度超30万公里,但管涌型渗透破坏频发,造成极大社会经济损失,故开展管涌细观机理研究对于解决堤防工程安全问题具有重要意义。当前有关管涌细观机理研究主要从模型试验、数值模拟两个方面开展,并且大多从颗粒摩擦系数、颗粒级配和细料含量等角度揭示该细观机理。本文提出一种基于透明土技术、颗粒流模拟联合开展该细观机理研究的方法,并从颗粒间接触力链的细观角度分析颗粒摩擦系数、颗粒级配和细料含量对管涌发生、发展的影响。首先结合PLIF（平面激光诱导荧光技术）与透明土技术自行设计可视化模型试验平台,其次基于MRI（磁共振成像）技术,借助Avzio软件实现对透明土样二维切片的三维重构,然后将重构模型导入PFC^3D中并进行相同条件下的颗粒流模拟,通过比对模型试验与数值模拟结果,验证本方法开展管涌细观机理研究的可靠性,最后进行重构模型在不同颗粒摩擦系数、颗粒级配和细料含量条件下的数值模拟,并从力链角度论述各组试验规律。本文可为管涌细观机理研究提供一种置信度高、可行性好的新途径。     

砂土中支盘桩抗压性能试验研究

支盘桩轴向受压过程是桩与周围土体相互作用的过程,研究支盘桩桩周土体的变形破坏机理对支盘桩竖向承载力的预测具有重要的意义。通过利用粒子图像测速技术进行了一系列的室内双支盘桩模型试验,对轴向荷载作用下支盘桩桩周土体变形特性进行非介入式测量。试验结果表明,不同相对密度下的荷载－位移曲线存在明显差异,相对密度增大可以大幅度提高双支盘桩竖向承载力并有效减小桩基沉降,密砂中双支盘桩的极限承载力是松砂的两倍以上。试验中发现支盘间距对支盘桩的竖向承载力有显著影响,随着盘间距的增加,支盘桩承载力增大但承载力增长率呈现出逐渐减小的趋势。针对地基土为密实砂土时,双支盘桩的支盘间距宜取盘径的３倍。     

Turbulent Details Simulation for SPH Fluids via Vorticity Refinement

A major issue in smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) approaches is the numerical dissipation during the projection process, especially under coarse discretizations. High‐frequency details, such as turbulence and vortices, are smoothed out, leading to unrealistic results. To address this issue, we introduce a vorticity refinement (VR) solver for SPH fluids with negligible computational overhead. In this method, the numerical dissipation of the vorticity field is recovered by the difference between the theoretical and the actual vorticity, so as to enhance turbulence details. Instead of solving the Biot‐Savart integrals, a stream function, which is easier and more efficient to solve, is used to relate the vorticity field to the velocity field. We obtain turbulence effects of different intensity levels by changing an adjustable parameter. Since the vorticity field is enhanced according to the curl field, our method can not only amplify existing vortices, but also capture additional turbulence. Our VR solver is straightforward to implement and can be easily integrated into existing SPH methods.     

自适应变异粒子群优化算法及在新冠肺炎疫情传播预测中的应用

为克服粒子群算法容易陷入局部最优和全局寻优精度不高的缺点,通过对算法的局部寻优和全局寻优的特点进行分析,首先使用正态分布衰减策略改进惯性权重;同时基于算法运行的时间自适应采用不同的基于高斯分布及柯西分布的变异优化策略,解决全局搜索和局部开发能力的不平衡问题,实现了局部寻优和全局寻优的双重优化,满足了提高寻优速度和寻优精度的目的.为验证算法有效性及实用性,将改进算法用于预测新冠肺炎疫情传播情况.选取100天新冠肺炎疫情每日新确诊人数的数据,利用算法优化前馈神经网络的参数,使训练好的神经网络模型预测新冠肺炎疫情的性能提升.实验部分首先使用测试函数将改进的算法与其它五种算法进行对比,验证算法的良好性能,最后应用到神经网络完成新冠肺炎疫情传播预测.     

霍夫空间中多足球机器人协作目标定位算法

针对嵌入式仿人足球机器人提出一种霍夫空间中的多机器人协作目标定位算法。机器人利用实验场地中的标志物采用基于三角几何定位方法进行自定位,把机器人多连杆模型进行简化,通过坐标系位姿变换把图像坐标系转换到世界坐标系中,实现机器人目标定位;在多机器人之间建立ZigBee无线传感器网络进行通信,把多个机器人定位的坐标点进行霍夫变换,在霍夫空间中进行最小二乘法线性拟合,获取最优参数,然后融合改进后的粒子滤波实现对目标小球的跟踪;最后在21自由度的仿人足球机器人上进行仿真和实验。数据结果表明,这种多机器人协作的定位算法的精度提高了约48%,在满足实时性的前提下,对目标的跟踪效果也得到了改善。     

一种改进粒子群算法在水轮机控制中的应用

关于水轮发电机控制系统优化问题,水轮发电机组的控制技术对于水轮发电机组稳定工作非常重要。针对保证供电质量,改善调节系统的非线性时滞特性,利用具有局部搜索能力的粒子群算法对水轮发电机组进行模糊PID控制可以确保控制的稳定性。首先,根据水轮发电机组的控制原理和模糊PID控制器的基本结构,提出具有局部搜索能力的改进粒子群算法,利用模糊PID控制器以及采用了改进粒子群算法的模糊PID控制器,用MATLAB软件对水轮发电机组进行优化控制仿真,仿真结果表明采用改进粒子群算法的模糊PID控制器具有最优的控制效果。     

基于种群多样性的自适应PSO算法求解VRPSPD问题

为有效求解逆向物流车辆路径(VRPSPD)模型,本文提出一种基于种群多样性的自适应PSO算法(SDAPSO)。在SDAPSO运行时,根据种群多样性,自适应地对种群中运行较差的粒子进行扰动操作,提升这些粒子向最优解收敛的能力;同时,对全局最优粒子进行概率扰动,以增加种群的多样性。标准检测函数的仿真结果表明SDAPSO算法是对基本PSO算法的有效改进。在对VRPSPD模型求解中,通过与其它粒子群算法相比,表明SDAPSO是求解该类问题的一种有效方法。     

Photographing impact of molten molybdenum particles in a plasma spray

Plasma-sprayed molten molybdenum particles (∼40 μm in diameter) were photographed impinging at high velocity (∼140 m/s) on a glass substrate at room temperature. An optical sensor detected thermal radiation emitted by a droplet as it approached the substrate and activated a time delay unit. After a selected time interval, an Nd:YAG laser was triggered, emitting a 5 ns pulse that provided illumination for a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera to photograph the impacting droplet through a long-range microscope. By varying the delay before pulsing the laser, different stages of droplet deformation were recorded. Impacting droplets spread into a thin circular film that ruptured and broke into small fragments. An optical detector recording thermal radiation from the impacting droplet gave a signal that increased as the droplet spread out, reached a maximum when the liquid film began to rupture, and decreased as portions of the droplet recoiled because of surface tension and then flew out of view of the photodetector.     

Equivalent model of multi-type distributed generators under faults with fast-iterative calculation method based on improved PSO algorithm

There are various types of distributed generators (DGs) with diferent grid integration strategies. The transient char? acteristics of the fault currents provided by the DGs are diferent to those of conventional synchronous generators. In this paper, a distribution network with multi-type DGs is investigated, including consideration of DG low-voltage ride through (LVRT). The fault current characteristics of two typical DGs, i.e. an inverter-interfaced distributed generator (IIDG) and a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), are analyzed, considering the specifc operation modes. Based on analysis of the fault characteristics, an equivalent model of the multi-type DGs under symmetrical/asymmetrical fault conditions is established. A fast-iterative fault calculation method for enhancing the calculation efciency while avoid? ing local convergence is then proposed using an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. A simula? tion system of the distribution network with multi-type DGs is established in PSCAD/EMTDC. The simulation results validate the high accuracy and calculation efciency of the proposed calculation method of the fault components. This can assist in the settings of the protection threshold.     

Optimization algorithm for ultra-sparse arrays in regional energy focusing

The setting of ultra-sparse arrays is one of key factors for the performance of regional energy focusing.This paper focuses on one of its typical applications:Precision Electronic Warfare by UAV,and proposes an optimization algorithm for ultra-sparse arrays to maximize the performance of regional energy focusing.First,we establish the joint optimization model of the interference waveform and the positions of elements.Second,particle swarm optimization (PSO) is adopted to iterate the positions of elements.Then,the target value of the subproblem is solved for the fitness criterion,as the current array is known in each step of the iteration.Finally,we get the optimal solution of the interference waveform and the ultra-sparse array by this method.Numerical results indicate that the algorithm can optimize the array effectively,and improve the indicators of regional energy focusing obviously.Whether the localization errors of elements exist or not,the algorithm provides a better performance than existing algorithms which only design the interference waveform.