微生物法处理含硫工业废气

指出了含硫工业废气传统处理方法的缺陷 ,介绍了微生物处理方法的优势所在 ;对微生物菌种的共同特征以及无机硫和有机硫脱除时菌种的选择依据进行了讨论 ,并对微生物法脱硫的机理进行了分析 ;评述了国内外生物滤池法、生物滴滤池法和生物吸收法等生物膜法脱硫的工艺及其工业化应用。指出了微生物法脱硫技术有待深入研究的问题、发展趋势和应用前景。     

Quantitation of volatile compounds in heated triolein by static headspace capillary gas chromatography/infrared spectroscopy-mass spectrometry

Static headspace and capillary gas chromatography/infrared spectroscopy-mass spectrometry were used to collect, separate, identify and quantitate the oxidative and thermal decomposition products in heated triolein. Approximately 4 L of triolein was heated in a deep-fat fryer at 190°C for 12 h each day for a total of 60 h, until it contained>-20% polymeric material. The concentration of heptane and octane increased after 12 h heating, then decreased upon further heating, while the concentration of volatile aldehydes decreased gradually during heating. After 12 h of heating, the concentrations of the major volatiles changed as follows: heptane (16.36 to 30.17 ppm), octane (24.48 to 40.77 ppm), heptanal (21.68 ppm to 9.11 ppm), octanal (35.53 to 36.64 ppm), nonanal (68.95 to 43.16 ppm), (E)-2-decenal (135.00 to 89.00 ppm) and (E)-2-undecenal (88.50 to 61.00 ppm). After 60 h of heating, when the oil contained over 20% polymeric material, the concentrations of heptane, octane, heptanal, octanol, nonanal, (E)-2-decenal and (E)-2-undecenal were 5.16, 4.39, 5.45, 7.02, 18.07, 12.50 and 6.00 ppm, respectively.     

Desalination and the commons: tragedy or triumph?

A policy is more likely to be economically efficient when its costs and benefits fall on the same group, but politicians can allocate costs and benefits to different groups within their jurisdictional commons. This article examines the distribution of costs and benefits from desalination projects using examples from San Diego, Almería and Riyadh. The examples illustrate how mismatches between costs and benefits can persist or change as politicians adjust the policy portfolio to balance inefficiency and political risk.     

断裂构造发育对贵州两岔河水库岩溶渗漏的影响研究

贵州两岔口水库地质环境复杂,断层构造发育破坏了库区地层结构,导致岩溶渗漏。为保证两岔河水库的正常运行,主要针对其岩溶渗漏的地质问题,在开展工程地质测绘、岩溶调查统计、钻孔勘探及压水试验等工作的基础上,分析了断裂构造对地层结构、岩体完整性、岩溶发育及水库渗漏的控制影响。研究表明:断层构造发育破坏了库区地层结构,形成"构造切口",水库左岸不能形成地层封闭;岩体完整程度为破碎—极破碎,地下岩溶强发育,易形成水库岩溶渗漏;地下岩溶管道发育方向基本和断层走向一致,断层构造对岩溶发育起着明显的控制作用;水库渗漏为折线式复合型渗漏。研究成果为岩溶地区水库防渗处理提供参考。     

从煤炭、天然气制取石油石化产品工艺技术

在阐述煤炭、天然气通过吹氧气化制取CO +H2 合成气联产石油石化产品的基础上 ,详细介绍了甲醇、二甲醚、乙烯生产工艺技术的应用与开发 ,对各种工艺路线进行了论证和技术经济评估     

气相法聚乙烯高效催化剂的进展

综述了国内外气相法聚乙烯高效催化剂研究进展概况,以及各种新型高效催化剂制备技术和性能,并对开发我国新型高效推化剂提出了看法。     

Selective gas transport in miscible PPO-PS blends

The permeation rates of He, CO₂ and CH₄ though miscible blends of polystyrene and poly(phenylene oxide) at 35°C are reported as a function of pressure. Sorption isotherms for CO₂ and CH₄ are also presented. By using ratios of the permeabilities of the pure gases the separation factors for the gas pairs He---CH₄ and CO₂---CH₄ can be estimated. For both pairs the estimated separation factor goes through a prominent maximum, thus indicating that these blends are more permselective than expected from the behaviour of polystyrene and poly(phenylene oxide). This stems from mobility considerations rather than solubility effects and a qualitative free volume argument is proposed as an explanation. The sorption and transport data have been interpreted and correlated using the dual sorption-mobility models developed previously for glassy polymers. Since the commercial polystyrene used contained a small amount of mineral oil to improve flow behaviour, the effect of this additive on polystyrene properties was explored in some detail.     

加压热煤气脱硫工艺研究

介绍了加压热煤气脱硫“北京煤化－ＳＭＯＶＥＮ”工艺以及工艺研究试验的主要结果。热煤气脱硫小型连续试验装置投入稳定运行，取得了较好的结果，试验验证了ＳＭＯＶＥＮ工艺的技术合理性和操作可行性，为其工艺放大研究打下良好基础。     

柔性复合材料改造城市燃气管道性能研究

在西气东输中采用柔性复合材料改造城市原有煤气管道接头来输送天然气是一种经济、实用的方法.本文介绍了一种高性能的聚氨酯-涤纶布-铝箔复合材料内衬的煤气管道接头密封连接结构,还介绍了"诺迪霸工艺",并按有关试验标准,对管道接头密封结构进行了气密性、耐气压、抗弯曲、抗剥离强度及人工加速老化等试验.试验结果证明,这种结构形式和施工工艺性能优良、安全可靠,能够满足天然气输送.     

Correlation of reactivity with chemical structure: Thermal hydrogenation of gas oils

The relationship between chemical structure and reactivity for thermal hydroprocessing was studied for five gas oils derived from Alberta bitumens. Chemical structure was characterized by combining data from ¹ H and ¹³ C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, class fractionation, and elemental analysis to calculate structural parameters. Thermal hydrotreating was performed in a continuous-flow stirred reactor at 420 and 440°C, 13.9 MPa hydrogen pressure, and 1.5 h¹ LHSV. Conversion of the 343–525°C boiling fraction of the gas oils was correlated with the concentration of naphthenic methylene groups in the feed. Formation of methane and ethane was dependent on the degree of condensation of the aromatic rings in the feed oils. Thermal desulfurization was highly correlated with the amount of saturates in the feed, and the aromaticity of the resin fraction. Hydrogen consumption increased with the aromaticity of the gas oil…