稀薄效应下空气静压主轴动态特性分析及试验研究

针对微尺度下空气静压主轴的动态特性问题,建立了体现稀薄效应的主轴有限元模型,对主轴的模态、谐响应进行了研究。首先,基于有限元法对主轴进行建模,轴承部分采用Combin14弹簧单元建模。接着,通过扰动法得出稀薄效应下以及传统情况下轴承的刚度、阻尼参数,将此参数替代主轴模态分析中采用的弹簧单元的刚度、阻尼参数,结合主轴实际工作状态,进而分析出两种情况下的主轴的模态结果。然后,对主轴进行谐响应分析,校核之前模态分析结果。最后,对主轴进行锤击模态试验,从而检验两种状态下的模态分析结果。实验结果表明：稀薄效应下分析所得主轴1阶固有频率值较试验测量值的误差只有3.6%左右,而传统情况下得出的1阶频率值的误差在15%左右,这对主轴系统以后的优化设计和精度控制方面具有一定的理论依据。     

考虑停车位不足的出发时刻选择问题

针对目的地停车位不足,出行者如何选择出发时刻的问题,在有限理性视野下综合考虑道路拥堵状况、出行者个人感知差异、目的地车位供给状况以及无法停入合法停车位后将受到惩罚等因素对出行者出发时刻选择的影响.依据前景理论设计实验,通过调查获取出行者出发时刻选择意向数据,构建出行者出发时刻选择模型.研究结果表明:停车位剩余状况影响出行者对出行结果的满意程度以及下一次出行决策.出行者出行结果满意度随着目的地剩余车位的减少而降低,当出行者的出行结果为满意时,出行者下一次出行由倾向于早到逐渐变为倾向于晚到.在车位不足,不能合法停车的情况下,不同的惩罚措施会影响到出行者下一次出发时刻的决策结果,惩罚越严重,出行者越倾向于早出发.     

重力不同引起的载人月球车操纵差异分析

为分析月球与地球重力差异对驾驶员所带来的操纵影响,推导了载人月球车操纵动力学方程.基于径向基神经网络和间接逆模型的训练方法,建立以行驶轨迹为输入、驾驶员操纵转角为输出的载人月球车操纵动力学逆系统.采用两种不同类型的间接对比形式,包括地球重力条件下重复月面行驶的轨迹路线和月球重力条件下重复地面行驶的轨迹路线.将正弦函数和斜坡阶越函数作为驾驶员操纵输入,获得月球或地球重力条件下的行驶轨迹,并利用逆系统求解得到不同重力条件下行驶相同轨迹时驾驶员的操纵转角.结果表明,驾驶员在月球重力条件下需要做出更大的操纵转向角度、更快的操纵转向速度、更高的操纵转向变换频率,并且在月球重力条件下更不容易重复地球重力条件下的相同行驶轨迹.这说明载人月球车在月球重力条件下的操纵性能较差.     

重庆市农民收入与工业化的区域差异及阈值效应研究

为了能更准确地把握区域工业化发展给农民收入带来的影响,综合运用计量经济学方法研究了重庆市农民收入与工业化之间的非线性关系。结果发现：重庆市农民收入水平存在连片集聚现象,区域间工业化发展极不平衡,且二者之间不存在长期均衡的协整关系,工业化水平的提高并不能带来农民收入的长期持续增长。工业化对农民收入的影响具有双面阈值效应,在不同工业化阶段,对农民收入的影响弹性先快速增加后逐渐减弱;在不同区域,工业化的影响呈现出倒“U”和“U”两种类型。     

基于物联网的智能停车场系统

针对目前国内智能停车场存在全程物理导航费用高、部分导航表达不明确和无法实现二次导航寻车等问题,设计了利用物联网将数据传输给移动设备实现全程导航的方案,并给出了硬件结构和软件组成。采集停车场停车数据于PC机,通过停车场基站号码段识别技术将数据传输给用户手机,用户利用手机接收的数据进行停车场全程导航和二次导航寻车。通过软硬件设计和调试实验结果表明,数据能够可靠传输到用户手机,用户利用手机接收的数据链接百度地图能够轻松实现停车场内定位、导航和二次导航寻车。     

元胞驻留视频群体状态预报方法

视频场景人群状态预报是防止公共场所安全事故的一种重要措施．为此提出了一种视频场景群体状态预报模型．该模型使用格内驻留元胞自动机(inner-grid parking cellular automata, IPCA)模型预报视频中群体状态．首先,通过光流法进行运动跟踪作为IPCA的输入特征对场景进行建模,并根据特征点的运动状态自适应地调整其在元胞格内的驻留时间以提高预报精度;其次,通过分析IPCA模型的预测结果判断群体微团间的相互作用得到视频帧的状态信息,从而达到对场景中人群状态进行预报的目的;最后,利用当前场景的状态信息对该场景的预报输出进行反馈校正,使模型能够及时地反映场景中群体状态的变化,该模型不依赖于具体的视频帧,以微团结构的碰撞作为异常检测依据．实验结果表明,与传统的检测方法相比,该预报模型能够提前预报视频场景中的异常状态,并具有较好的准确性．     

三类镍单晶纳米材料的力学行为与性能

基于镶嵌原子势采用分子动力学方法研究了纳米镍单晶一维纳米丝、二维纳米薄膜和三维纳米固体的拉伸变形破坏过程和力学行为与性能,分析了3类典型纳米金属材料的本征应力、初始能量状态和变形机制以及破坏过程中的能量和应力变化,讨论了自由表面对纳米金属材料力学行为和性能的影响。模拟得到镍单晶纳米丝、薄膜和三维固体的弹性模量分别为145.45、186.6和122.03 GPa;断裂强度分别为22.293、21.08和19.98GPa;纳米丝和固体的破坏中出现短暂屈服,屈服强度分别为14.451和13.67 GPa,纳米薄膜的断裂无屈服。     

Dynamic effects during sinter forging of axi-symmetric hollow disc preforms

The present paper reports an investigation on the dynamic effects during sinter forging of axi-symmetric hollow disc preforms at room temperature. The preforms have been prepared by compacting the copper metal powder within the closed-cavity circular compaction dies and experiments have been conducted on computer-controlled hydraulic press to investigate the effect of die velocity, i.e. dynamic effects on various deformation characteristics, e.g. flow of material, densification during dry and lubricated interfacial friction conditions, bulging and strains at preform-free surfaces and die loads. The theoretical analysis for die pressure distribution, average die load and bulged profile by ‘upper bound’ approach has been presented. The identification of critical sinter-forging characteristics and their interrelationships are the cornerstones of present study. The effect of die velocity along with other deformation characteristics on die load and inertia energy dissipation has been investigated critically using ‘design of experiment’ technique and the important interactions have been displayed graphically using ‘response surface methodology’ technique. The study on dynamic effects revealed that die velocity is the most critical factor during sinter-forging operations, especially at higher die speeds and hence, inertia energy must be considered during its analysis. The experimental and theoretical results have been found in close agreement with each other and it is expected that the work will be highly useful for the assessment of various deformation characteristics during processing of sintered materials.     

Crystal structures and phase transformation of deuterated lithium imide, Li2ND

Half-Heusler compounds of Sn-doped TiCoSb “TiCoSn_xSb_1−x (x = 0.0, 0.01, and 0.05)” were prepared and their thermoelectric properties were measured above room temperature. From the EDX analysis, all the samples have three phases: the TiCoSn_xSb_1−x, Co-rich, and Ti-rich phases. The values of the thermoelectric power increase with Sn doping, and a positive thermoelectric power is obtained in the sample of TiCoSn_0.05Sb_0.95. The thermal conductivity decreases both with increasing temperature and with Sn content. The maximum value of ZT for p-type material is 0.030 at 988 K in the sample of TiCoSn_0.05Sb_0.95.     

Corrosion of Three Commercial Steels Under ZnCl2 –KCl Deposits in a Reducing Atmosphere Containing HCl and H2S at 400–500°C

The corrosion of three commercial steels in a reducing atmosphere containing HCl plus H₂S in the presence of ZnCl₂–KCl deposits has been investigated at 400–500°C and compared with the corrosion of the same materials in a similar gas mixture free from H₂S. The presence of H₂S in the gas accelerated the corrosion of the three commercial steels beneath ZnCl₂–KCl deposits. All materials suffered from severe corrosion with partial detachment and spalling of the external scales. Degradation of the steels resulted from the penetration of chlorine-containing species through the scale formed initially down to the metal matrix, because chorine-rich species were detected close to the alloy/scale interface. Although the corrosion resistance generally increased with increasing Cr content, even the high-Cr stainless steel SS304 is still unable to provide good corrosion resistance against the ZnCl₂–KCl deposits in the presence of H₂S due to the bad adherence of the scales to the alloy. The mechanisms of attack are discussed on the basis of thermodynamic considerations and of the active-oxidation model.