关注疲劳再评表面纳米化

前文《追溯历史评表面形变纳米化》指出变形的细化结构早在20世纪七八十年代已有研究，21世纪初的纳米晶仅冠以新潮名称。文中从测定方法进一步说明一种结构两个名称的原因。位错胞以错角为参数，纳米晶只强调大小未涉及错角，两者的尺度属同一数量级。近年用滚压加大错角，虽实现纳米晶，却是将30年前的磨损表面当作强化。比较大小和错角对性能的影响，表面纳米化以H-P关系为准则，认为细化晶粒可以提高强度。这个关系是统计工厂中日用材料所得，属经验规律，并无理论依据。近年试验表明形变层位错胞大小对力学性能影响不大，错角却起关键作用。H-P关系不能用于形变层结构，表面纳米化的理论依据不成立。
喷丸的主要贡献是提高疲劳强度，公认残余压应力起主导作用。表面纳米化认为结构细化，屈服强度提高，相应延缓疲劳裂纹萌生，提高了疲劳强度。却没有试验证实此机理的正确性。实际上，获得纳米化的强喷丸表面伴随有裂纹，不存在裂纹萌生阶段。文中展示了喷丸强度和出现微裂纹几率的关系。明确强变形表面属裂纹体，应该用断裂力学而非经典力学的连续体处理。介绍表面形变各影响因素对疲劳裂纹扩展作用的试验，结果表明残余压应力仍是提高疲劳性能的主导因素。追求纳米化的加工硬化，牺牲塑性换取强度，导致裂纹扩展加速，对疲劳有害无益。     

一种含Nd耐热钛合金强化机制的研究

研究了Ｎｄ对Ｔｉ－５．５Ａｌ－４．５Ｓｎ－２Ｚｒ－１Ｍｏ－０．２５Ｓｉ－Ｎｄ耐热钛合金的组织，室温拉伸性能和热稳定性能的影响及其机制。结果表明，Ｎｄ可以细化组织，密化位错网亚晶界，改善室温拉伸强度和热稳定性能。Ｎｄ的强化机制主要由细晶强化（尤其是位错网亚晶强化）和基体中Ｓｎ，Ｏ贫化引起的弱化的综合。     

激光冲击处理对焊接接头力学性能的影响(Ⅰ)

当短脉冲、高峰值功率密度 (>10 13 W /m2 )的激光辐射金属靶材时 ,就产生高温、高压等离子体 ,该等离子体受到约束层的约束时产生高强度应力波冲击金属表面并向内部传播 ,在材料表面产生应变硬化 ,称这种表面强化技术为激光冲击处理或激光喷丸。激光冲击处理可以提高材料表层硬度、强度 ,并获得比传统的喷丸技术更深的硬化层或残余压应力层 ,从而更有利于材料疲劳性能的提高 ,为研究激光冲击处理在焊后强化方面的应用 ,本文对 1.6 6mm厚的镍基高温合金GH30、1.2mm厚的奥氏体不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti板材焊缝进行了激光冲击处理 ,对比了激光冲击处理试件和未经激光冲击处理试件焊逢的表层显微硬度、残余应力、抗拉强度和疲劳寿命 ,发现激光冲击处理能提高GH30氩弧焊焊接接头抗拉强度 12 % ,提高 1Cr18Ni9Ti等离子焊接接头疲劳寿命30 0 %以上。     

二次喷丸42CrMo钢表面完整性的数值模拟研究

目的探究二次喷丸工艺参数对42CrMo钢零件表面完整性的影响规律。方法建立三维随机喷丸有限元模型,并通过实验验证有限元模型预测残余应力的准确性。将一次喷丸后零件的表面形貌和应力应变结果作为初始状态导入到二次喷丸模型中,构建出二次喷丸预测模型。分析二次喷丸参数对42CrMo钢零件表面残余应力场、表面粗糙度以及等效塑性形变场的影响情况。结果二次喷丸后,42CrMo钢零件近表层(0～100μm)的残余压应力值均比初始状态有所增加。增加二次喷丸覆盖率对表面残余应力的提升作用最为明显,最大可比初始状态提高63.3%,而增加二次喷丸直径对残余应力的改善效果最不明显。过度增加二次喷丸速度会导致表面粗糙度明显增加,提高二次喷丸覆盖率可显著降低表面粗糙度,覆盖率为300%时,粗糙度比初始状态减小了14.4%。表层PEEQ值随着二次喷丸速度、弹丸直径和覆盖率的增加而增加,但当二次喷丸速度、弹丸直径和覆盖率增加到一定程度后,表层PEEQ值会趋于饱和。结论二次喷丸预测模型揭示了二次喷丸参数与42CrMo钢零件表面完整性之间的影响规律,为二次喷丸的工业应用提供了一定的参考意义。     

等离子体表面改性技术的发展

主要论述了等离子体技术在金属材料表面强化中的应用研究现状和发展趋势，特别是各种工艺的基本原理和应用优势。     

冷却速度对C-Si-Mn系热轧双相钢组织性能的影响

通过实际的热轧实验,研究了轧后冷却速度对C-Si-Mn系热轧双相钢组织形貌和力学性能的影响。研究发现,轧后冷却速度对热轧双相钢的显微组织和力学性能有很大的影响。热轧双相钢具有三种典型的组织形貌,而不同的组织形貌通过不同的强化机制赋予热轧双相钢不同的力学性能。通过不同冷却速度下的双相钢热轧实验,可以使热轧双相钢获得良好的力学性能。     

A new high strength and high tolerance-resistance A1-Li alloy

In order to develop a new high strength and high tolerance-resistance Al-Li alloy which can be used in aerospace industry, the effects ofmicroalloying elements such as Mg, Ag, Mn and Zn on the mechanical properties of Al-Cu-Li alloys were studied. The results show that the strengthening effects of Mg＋Ag and Mg＋Zn additions are higher than those of the individual Mg, Ag or Zn addition. The element Mn can also bring some extent strengthening effects on the alloys, but it has nothing to do with the other microalloying elements present or not. Finally, a new Al-Li alloy with Mg＋Zn＋Mn additions was developed, which possesses high strength and high tolerance-resistance promising properties for aerospace applications.     

防锈铝表面喷丸强化冲击试验研究

采用仪器化（数字化）冲击试验机，对防锈铝表面喷丸强化后进行冲击试验，试验结果表明：喷丸后的最大冲击力比母材提高35％，最大力前弹塑性变形功提高166％。     

Microstructure development of steel during severe plastic deformation

The microstructure development during plastic deformation was reviewed for iron and steel which were subjected to cold rolling or mechanical milling (MM) treatment, and the change in strengthening mechanism caused by the severe plastic deformation (SPD) was also discussed in terms of ultra grain refinement behavior. The microstructure of cold-rolled iron is characterized by a typical dislocation cell structure, where the strength can be explained by dislocation strengthening. It was confirmed that the increase in dislocation density by cold working is limited at 10¹⁶m⁻², which means the maximum hardness obtained by dislocation strengthening is HV3.7 GPa. However, the iron is abnormally work-hardened over the maximum dislocation strengthening by SPD of MM because of the ultra grain refinement caused by the SPD. In addition, impurity of carbon plays an important role in such grain refinement: the carbon addition leads to the formation of nano-crystallized structure in iron.     

ANALYSIS ON THE BEHAVIOR OF PRECIPITATES IN ULTRA-THIN HOT STRIP OF PLAIN LOW CARBON STEEL PRODUCED BY COMPACT STRIP PRODUCTION

This paper investigated the mechanism of precipitation and its influence upon prop-erties of ultra-thin hot strips of low carbon steel produced by CSP techniques using experiment and thermodynamics theory. The experimental results show that there are lots of fine and dispersive precipitates in microstructures. By analysis, most of aluminum nitrides are in grains, while coexisted precipitates of MnS are along grain boundaries. Coexisted precipitates compose cation-vacancy type oxides such as Al2O3 in the core, while MnS is at the fringe of surface. The precipitation behavior of AlN and MnS in the hot strip is studied by thermodynamic calculation. At last, implica-tions between strengthening effect and techniques are analyzed using obtained solubility products.