提高人工湿地脱氮除磷性能的强化技术及其在有色金属工业废水中的应用

人工湿地因具有良好的脱氮除磷性能而广泛应用于生活污水尾水和工业废水的深度处理。然而,随着环保政策要求的日益严格,传统的人工湿地对不同水质污水的处理能力有限,从而导致多数污水处理难以满足达标排放的要求。因此,越来越多的强化技术与手段被应用于人工湿地系统,以增强人工湿地的污染物净化性能。主要从合理设计人工湿地、联合预处理工艺构建复合人工湿地系统以及保温和溶解氧控制等方面综述当前提高人工湿地脱氮除磷性能的强化技术,并简要概述了人工湿地在处理有色金属工业废水中的应用。     

微粒子粘附、清除和预防的研究成果综述

表面粒子或粉尘的清除对于美化环境、延长各种材料的使用寿命和提高仪器设备的准确度等都具有重大的意义。因此,很多学者一直致力于这方面的研究。为了了解在微粒子粘附、清除和预防方面的科研进展情况,作者利用美国工程索引EI数据库,以PARTICLE,ADHE．SION和REMOVAL三个主题词对这方面的研究成果进行检索,共检索出相关的文献近130余篇。通过对这些文献的详细分析,并根据它们的发表时间、所研究的技术和应用领域统计分析,提出了该领域今后的发展方向。     

炸口石山危险山体整治定向爆破

以拆除炸口石山危险山体为例,从爆破方案的选择、缺口设计、炮孔布置、起爆网路、装药量计算以及安全防护措施等方面介绍了定向爆破在山体排险施工中的应用。     

一种去除二值文本图像边缘噪声的新方法

提出了一种去除二值文本图像边缘噪声的新厅法。该方法包括3个步骤：边缘噪声预处理,边缘噪声检测和边缘噪声去除。将该方法和其它方法作了比较。实验结果表明,该新方法可以更有效地去除边缘噪声,并在实际的文本图像处理系统中取得了较理想的效果。     

1,2,4-trichlorobenzene decomposition using non-thermal plasma technology

Non-thermal plasma(NTP)is regarded as a potential application for environmental pollution control due to its ability to remove pollutants.As a major precursor of dioxins,the influence of the parameters of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene(TCB)decomposition using NTP technology was investigated through a series of experiments,including voltage,frequency,water content,initial concentration,flow rate,and oxygen content.The experimental results show that the energy injected into the NTP system has a positive correlation to voltage and frequency.Oxygen has the greatest influence on TCB decomposition.The optimal reaction condition was at 15 kV,1000 Hz,an initial concentration of 20 mg m^?3,a flow rate of 2 l min^?1,H2O at 4%,and O2 at 0%.Under this condition,the TCB removal efficiency could reach 92%.According to the generated product backstepping,the hydroxyl radical(·OH)plays an important role in TCB decomposition due to its strong oxidation,which participates in the dechlorination and oxidation reactions as free radicals,and the possible decomposition pathway of TCB by NTP is inferred from the identified byproducts.It is of great significance to investigate the influence of the parameters of TCB decomposition using NTP technology in order to provide references for industrial application.     

离子交换法从硫酸亚铁溶液中分离镍实验研究

本文针对高铁低镍硫酸亚铁溶液中镍铁分离困难的生产实际,采用离子交换技术对硫酸亚铁溶液中的镍铁分离进行了研究。通过条件实验考察了树脂装填量、吸附前液pH值、吸附时间、镍离子浓度等对镍铁分离效果的影响。结果表明,CH-90树脂对含镍硫酸亚铁溶液中镍有明显的优先选择性,树脂对镍的工作交换容量为15 mg/g。经过离子交换树脂处理,溶液中的铁镍摩尔比由处理前的17:1最高可以提高到93:1,镍去除率达到87%,处理后溶液含镍小于0.3 g/L,具有良好的分离效果。改变初始浓度和吸附反应时间,探究了树脂的吸附等温线和吸附动力学过程,发现树脂符合Langmuir吸附和准二级动力学方程,说明吸附属于单分子层吸附和定点吸附,吸附过程主要是离子交换控制的。     

非平衡等离子体消除乙硫醇

采用脉冲电晕放电等离子体对乙硫醇进行消除实验,探索了气体流量（停留时间）、气流中水分含量对消除率的影响规律。结果表明,随着气体流量的增大,乙硫醇在反应器内的停留时间减小,能量密度减小,消除率降低;消除率随水分含量的变化并非呈单方向增大或减小,而是存在一个最佳范围,从实验结果来看,水分含量为3.2～3.5 g/m3,消除率明显高于水分含量低于3.2 g/m3或高于3.5 g/m3时的消除率。采用GC-MS、FTIR和SGA94-SO2型单项气体分析仪等仪器对乙硫醇的消除产物进行了分析,主要产物为CO2、H2O和SO2,未检测到有机产物。根据实验数据分析了乙硫醇的反应动力学特征,发现乙硫醇在脉冲电晕等离子体体系中的反应符合一级反应动力学特征,反应速率常数为0.0729 s－1。     

用聚乙二醇沉淀法清除细胞碎片

<文> 自 80年代以来,双水相苯取技术用于生化产品的分离受到重视,尤其对聚乙二醇 （PEG）和无机盐体系的开发研究更多“,“,双水相荤取技术在分离细胞匀浆中胞内产物和细胞 碎片方面,显示出可取代高速离心和微孔膜过滤的潜力。目前大多数研究集中在双水相革取的 机理和分离纯化不同蛋白质上,对清除细胞碎片的应用研究尚不多见。本文从细胞碎片在 PEG－无机盐系统的分配规律中发规系统未形成双水相前,存在一个液－固两相生成区。在此 区内大部分碎片形成固相沉淀,低速离心即可除去。以从酵母中提取醇脱氢酶为例,将这种新 的售脸碰计茉D体同Nil。t。十签人（门的W＊栅茉阶体淋杆了计林     

电除尘器入口速度均布的优化研究

上海某电厂7号炉电除尘器已投运10多年,除尘效率一直较低.通过分析影响除尘效率的各种因素,查阅历史测试数据,认真勘查现场,初步判断入口气流不均匀可能是造成该问题的主要原因.按照10:1比例用透明有机玻璃制作了电除尘器的几何模型,根据相似理论,对电除尘器的入口气流场进行了模化试验,利用彩色烟雾观察了气流的流型,确定了提高...     

Optimal design of drainage channel geometry parameters in vane demister liquid–gas separators

Vane liquid–gas demisters are widely used as one of the most efficient separators. To achieve higher liquid disposal and to avoid flooding, vanes are enhanced with drainage channels. In this research, the effects of drainage channel geometry parameters on the droplet removal efficiency have been investigated applying CFD techniques. The observed parameters are channel angle, channel height and channel length. The gas phase flow field was determined by the Eulerian method and the droplet flow field and trajectories were computed applying the Lagrangian method. The turbulent dispersion of the droplets was modeled using the discrete random walk (DRW) approach. The CFD simulation results indicate that by applying DRW model, the droplet separation efficiency predictions for small droplets are closer to the corresponding experimental data. The CFD simulation results showed that in the vane, enhanced with drainage channels, fewer low velocity sectors were observed in the gas flow field due to more turbulence. Consequently, the droplets had a higher chance of hitting the vane walls leading to higher separation efficiency. On the other hand, the parameters affect the liquid droplet trajectory leading to the changes in separation efficiency and hydrodynamic characteristic of the vane. To attain the overall optimum geometry of the drainage channel, all three geometry parameters were simultaneously studied employing 27 CFD simulation cases. To interpolate the overall optimal geometry a surface methodology method was used to fit the achieved CFD simulation data and finally a polynomial equation was proposed.