Orthogonal ligation to spherical polymeric microparticles: Modular approaches for surface tailoring

Modular ligation strategies for the functionalization of polymeric microspheres provide new perspectives for their applications in material science. In the current trend article we highlight variable synthetic procedures for generating functional microspheres via orthogonal modular conjugation chemistries. An overview of the different surface chemistries available is provided, followed by surface-sensitive characterization techniques relevant for the microparticles. Finally, we explore future trends in modular orthogonal modification approaches on microparticles and provide an outlook on the perspectives that the field of surface-modification of polymeric microparticles holds.     

Effect of nanostructured grains in co-sputtered Ni-GDC thin-film anode on methane conversion kinetics for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells operating on nearly dry methane

Direct-methane solid oxide fuel cells (DMSOFCs) have recently attracted substantial attention due to their simplified system, reduced cost, and the direct availability of methane fuel obtained from natural gas. Among oxygen-ion conductive materials, doped-ceria such as gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) or samarium-doped ceria can be incorporated into Ni-based anodes to reinforce their coking resistance, enlarge their electrochemical reaction area, and improve the kinetics of the internal reforming/electrochemical oxidation of methane. To reduce the range of operating temperatures of DMSOFCs while maintaining their performance, the thin film deposition technique of magnetron sputtering was adopted in this work. An Ni-GDC thin-film anode and a Pt thin-film cathode were deposited on scandia-stabilized zirconia (ScSZ) electrolyte supports. This fuel cell was tested with directly supplied methane fuel (3% H₂O) at 500 °C. The results demonstrated the effects of the GDC volume fraction in the anode—which was controlled by co-sputtering power—on open circuit voltage and electrochemical performance. The co-sputtered Ni-GDC anode was able to survive through 36-h operation, although there was some performance degradation. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy results revealed no formation of filamentous carbon on the Ni catalysts, despite the fact that both X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy analyses detected carbon coking. The relatively high performance and resistance to carbon coking of co-sputtered thin-film anode were attributed to its intrinsic small grain size.     

超大型三维有限元模型的快速可视化算法

针对超大型三维有限元模型的特点,总结了其可视化任务的基本需求和关键算法。由此分别为网格、单元、剖面可视化,以及绘制彩色云图等不同任务,编制了结构简单、运行可靠的快速显示算法。通过具体工程实例与典型商业程序的对比验证,初步证明了该算法的可行性和优越性,有助于简化超大型有限元程序的编写过程。     

水泥窑炉协同处理城市垃圾研究进展

水泥窑炉处理危险废物和城市生活垃圾是众多处理方法中实现减量化、无害化和资源化最好的方法之一。水泥窑焚烧垃圾可以利用垃圾的热量节省燃料,同时垃圾燃烧后的灰渣可以替代原料。另外,CaO和过渡性熟料矿物对有害物质的不良作用有抑制作用,也可以减少二恶英等有害气体的排放。     

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Scaffolds as a Model for Nerve Tissue Engineering Application: Fabrication and In Vitro Assay

In this study, we fabricated PHB scaffolds by solid/liquid phase separation method. The properties of fabricated scaffolds were investigated using SEM, DMTA, and DSC. Our studies noticed that for an approach to scaffolds that contain tubular morphology and better mechanical properties, the solution should be frozen near crystallization temperature. For in vitro evaluation, the P19 mouse embryonal cell line was used as a model system. Results notice that cells attach and differentiate to the nerve cell. In vitro assay shows that it is a suitable model for use as a platform for neural tissue engineering applications.     

超低温实体基础设计

探讨为低温作用下的钢筋混凝土基础作特殊设计问题,当今中国正进入重化工业的高速建设阶段,石化、化工工程建设项目方兴未艾.化工气体、化肥工业等工程中都有超低温设备.低温设备传至基础的热传导问题实际上为不稳定传热问题,计算极为复杂,目前主要方法还是靠工程经验与基础的构造措施解决问题.这些构造措施都是在实践中行之有效的办法,同...     

高温蒸汽电解制氢系统温度敏感性分析

通过电化学方法建立高温蒸汽电解制氢系统温度敏感性分析的数学模型，通过该模型对系统温度敏感性进行分析，并提出温度敏感系数的概念。定性的研究结果表明，在不同发电效率、电解效率以及热效率下，温度敏感系数均随着工作温度的增加而增大。这表明，系统总效率随着温度的升高而增大，且随着发电效率和热效率的增加，温度敏感系数也随之增大，但电解效率对温度敏感系数影响较小。定量的研究结果表明，工作温度为750～950℃的高温蒸汽电解制氢系统的温度敏感系数约为1.40，即系统工作温度分别为800和900℃时，由于温度升高而使系统总效率分别增加约10.5%和12%;相应的实际总制氢效率可分别高达55.8%和56.5％，约是常规碱性水电解制氢效率的两倍。     

Investigation on the isothermal section of the Gd-Ni-Y ternary system at 773 K

The isothermal section of the phase diagram of the Gd-Ni-Y ternary system at 773 K was investigated by means of X-ray powder diffraction, metallographic analysis and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive analysis. The isothermal section consists of 12 single-phase regions, 15 two-phase regions and 4 three-phase regions. Six pairs of corresponding compounds in the Gd-Ni and Y-Ni systems, i.e., Gd₂Ni₁₇ and Y₂Ni₁₇, GdNi₅ and YNi₅, Gd₂Ni₇ and Y₂Ni₇, GdNi₃ and YNi₃, GdNi₂ and YNi₂, Gd₃Ni and Y₃Ni and metals Gd and Y form a continuous series of solid solutions, respectively. At 773 K, the maximum solubilities of Gd in YNi and Y in GdNi were about 20 at.% Gd and 8 at.% Y, respectively. No solubility of Gd in YNi₄ and Y in GdNi₄ was observed.