Activation of TiFe for hydrogen storage by plastic deformation using groove rolling and high-pressure torsion: Similarities and differences

Intermetallics of TiFe were processed using three different routes: annealing, plastic deformation using groove rolling and severe plastic deformation using high-pressure torsion (HPT). Hydrogen absorption was less than 0.2 wt.% in the coarse-grained annealed sample because of difficult activation. The groove-rolled sample, with subgrain structure and high density of dislocations and cracks, absorbed 0.3, 1.0, 1.4 and 1.7 wt.% of hydrogen in the first, second, third and fourth hydrogenation cycles, respectively. The HPT-processed sample, containing nanograins, absorbed 1.7–2 wt.% of hydrogen in any hydrogenation cycles. Both samples activated by groove rolling and HPT were not deactivated by long time exposure to the air. No surface segregation was detected after groove rolling, while the HPT-processed sample exhibited surface segregation. The current study confirmed the significance of plastic deformation and formation of grain boundaries and cracks on activation for hydrogen storage.     

Functional reliability analysis of Safety Grade Decay Heat Removal System of Indian 500 MWe PFBR

Passive systems are increasingly deployed in nuclear industry with an objective of increasing reliability and safety of operations with reduced cost. Methods for assessing the reliability of thermal-hydraulic passive systems, that is systems with moving working fluid, address the issues in natural buoyancy-driven flow that could result in a failure to meet the design safety limits under accident scenarios. This is referred as design functional reliability. This paper presents the results of functional reliability analysis carried out for the passive Safety Grade Decay Heat Removal System (SGDHRS) of Indian Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR). The analysis is carried out based on the overall approach reported in the Reliability Methods for Passive System (RMPS, European Commission) project. Functional failure probability is calculated using Monte-Carlo method and also with method of moments.     

基于有限元分析的深度塑性变形技术研究进展

介绍了几种深度塑性变形工艺的工作原理、特点及发展状况,综述了有限元分析技术对深度塑性变形过程的模拟和对其工艺参数的优化,概述当前有限元法在模拟深度塑性变形过程中的应用和重大作用,并指出其存在问题和发展前景。     

高压扭转法对SiC_p-Al基复合材料颗粒分布的影响

采用高压扭转(High-Pressure Torsion,HPT)工艺制备SiCp-Al基复合材料。通过显微组织的定性分析及样方法的定量计算,深入研究不同工艺参数对SiC颗粒分布的影响规律,结果表明:采用高压扭转法可以直接将8.75%(体积分数)SiC-Al混合粉末制备成金属基复合材料。通过金相分析得出:SiC颗粒在试样不同扭转半径处分布情况具有差异:工艺参数(温度、压力、圈数)对SiC颗粒分布有重要影响,结合样方法对颗粒分布情况的定量分析得出:随着扭转圈数、压力、扭转半径的增大,剪切作用增强,SiC颗粒分布均匀性提高;变形温度升高,基体流动性提高,颗粒分布均匀性得到改善。     

Algebraic approach for the diagnosis of turbine cycles in nuclear power plants

According to plant operating staff's practical needs, authors proposed a diagnosis model to identify the performance degradation of steam turbine cycles in nuclear power plants (NPPs). The essential idea of this study is how to identify the intrinsically degraded component which causes electric loss. Authors found that there were not so many turbine cycle diagnosis applications in NPPs currently because of technical, financial, or social characteristics of the plant. So a great part of the diagnosis has been dependent on operating staff's experience and knowledge. However as economic competition becomes severe, the efficiency staffs is asking for reliable and practical advisory tools. For the solution of these shortcomings, authors proposed a simple and intuitive diagnosis concept based on the superposition rule of degradation phenomena, which can be derived by simple algebra and correlation analysis. Though the superposition rule is not so significant statistically, almost all of the performance indices under normal operation are fairly compatible with this model. Authors developed a prototype model of quantitative root-cause diagnosis and validated the background theory using the simulated data. The turbine cycle advisory system using this model was applied to Gori NPP units 3&4.     

Hybrid punch through approach to address electroless related integration issues of hybrid CoWP/SiCN barriers

Integration of CoWP self-aligned barriers in hybrid stack with SiCN liner in a standard 65 nm technology node integration scheme faces several issues. For example, bowing of upper metal level occurs due to the interaction between CoWP and etch plasma during SiCN opening step leading to lower line resistance compared to SiCN reference. Furthermore, wet cleaning after patterning step must be carefully processed in order to remove residues while keeping CoWP integrity. Electrical and reliability performance show that a clean recipe can be efficient to remove residues leading to low via resistance but in the same time, no electromigration improvement compared to SiCN reference is observed due to CoWP degradation and vice versa. To overcome integration issues, a new integration scheme called hybrid punch through (HPT) approach is proposed. In this approach, the patterning step is modified by SiCN open removal and it is followed by an adapted punch through process during metallization to open the via. HPT approach allows avoiding contact between CoWP and etch plasma or cleaning chemistry and leads to better electrical performance in terms of via and line resistances compared to standard scheme without degrading CoWP.     

InGaAs/InP中离子注入和新型HPT

ＩｎＧａＡｓ／ＩｎＰ是制作光电器件与微波器件的重要材料。离子注入ＩｎＧａＡｓ／ＩｎＰ做掺杂或制作高阻层是人们十分关注的研究课题。采用Ｆｅ＾＋注入ＩｎＧａＡｓ／ＩｎＰ得到了电阻率升高的好结果。用Ｂｅ＾＋注入制作了新结构ＨＰＴ的基区。研制成功了在１．５５μｍ波长工作的ＩｎＧａＡｓ／ＩｎＰ新结构光电晶体管,在０．３μＷ入射光条件下,光电增益为３５０。     

Conjugate heat transfer analysis of a rotor blade with coolant channels

The present study deals with the conjugate heat transfer analysis of a cooled high-pressure turbine rotor blade consisting of eight cooling channels. Computational investigations are performed in a five-bladed cascade to determine characteristics of flow and heat transfer at different values of mainstream and coolant flow rate. Surface temperature measurements using infrared thermography are performed for validating the computational fluid dynamics results. The results show nonuniform variation of surface effectiveness: (a) higher average surface temperature on the pressure side than on the suction side, (b) peak surface temperature at the pressure side trailing edge region, (c) lowest temperature at midspan region of both pressure and suction sides, (d) intermediate values of temperature on the leading edge, and (e) these temperature patterns vary with the changes in mainstream Reynolds number and coolant flow rates, signifying the importance of carrying out conjugate heat transfer analysis. This study also emphasizes the importance of considering realistic coolant channel geometry over the idealized, an illustration showed that the maximum Nusselt number may vary up to 200% due to idealization.     

高压扭转对铜粉锥形件温压成形的改善

以薄壁锥形件为研究对象,在300℃下将高压扭转工艺应用于铜粉锥形件成形,研究其致密性、显微组织和显微硬度规律,并与相同条件下成形的温压锥形件进行比较。结果表明：温压扭锥形件的相对密度达到0.9605,比温压锥形件提高了5.06%;高压扭转工艺对锥形件的晶粒细化程度在52%～66%之间,明显高于压制工艺的36%;温压扭锥形件口部、中部和锥部的平均显微硬度较温压锥形件分别提高了223%、9%和6%;温压锥形件显微硬度分布规律为中部最高,口部最低,且同一位置内壁高于外壁;温压扭锥形件的显微硬度分布为从锥部到口部逐渐升高,其锥部的显微硬度分布规律与温压锥形件一致,口部和中部的显微硬度分布规律则与温压锥形件刚好相反。     

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金高压扭转变形微观组织及力学性能

以Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金为研究对象,在不同变形工艺条件（扭转圈数、变形温度）下对其进行高压扭转试验,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）、X射线衍射技术（XRD）以及硬度测试等手段分析变形工艺参数对合金微观组织和力学性能的影响规律。研究结果表明：原始铸态组织呈等轴状,分布不均匀,粗大的第二相粒子（Al2Cu、MgZn2）沿晶界呈链状分布;高压扭转变形过程中,随着变形温度的升高、扭转圈数的增多,基体组织中粗大的第二相粒子数量明显减少,分布更加均匀,第二相粒子回溶进Al基体,获得过饱和固溶体;高压扭转变形后的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金位错密度显著上升,并且扭转圈数越多,变形温度越高,位错密度增加幅度也越大,微晶尺寸则随着扭转圈数的增大和变形温度的升高而减小;高压扭转变形后Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金显微硬度值总体上随扭转圈数增大和变形温度升高而增大。