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71.
We study a two-stage stochastic and nonlinear optimization model for operating a power grid exposed to a natural disaster. Although this approach can be generalized to any natural hazard of continuous (and not instantaneous) nature, our focus is on wildfires. We assume that an approaching wildfire impacts the power grid by reducing the transmission capacity of its overhead lines. At the time when proactive decisions have to be taken, the severity of the wildfire is not known. This introduces uncertainty. In this paper, we extend previous work by more realistically capturing this uncertainty and by strengthening the mathematical programming formulation through standard reformulation techniques. With these reformulation techniques, the resulting two-stage, convex mixed-integer quadratically constrained programming formulation can be efficiently solved using commercial quadratic programming solvers as demonstrated on a case study on a modified version of the IEEE 123-bus test system with 100 scenarios. We also quantify the uncertainties through a second case study using the following three standard metrics of two-stage stochastic optimization: the expected value of perfect information, the expected result of using the expected value solution and the value of the stochastic solution. 相似文献
72.
73.
Goat milk has specific chemical composition and physical properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of milk quality and emulsion stability during 60 d frozen storage. Milk sample was taken from three Ettawah Crossedbred goats that were divided into three groups. Samples were frozen and stored for 0, 30 and 60 days. At the end of each storage periode, milk sample was thawed in the refrigerator and analyzed for total number of bacteria, chemical (acidity, pH, free fatty acids), physical (alcohol test, clot on boiling test) quality, and emulsion stability. The microbiological and chemical data were analyzed statistically using one way ANOVA, whereas physical quality and emulsion stabilty were expressed qualitatively. There were no change in the total bacteria, acidity, pH and free fatty acid (FFA) of milk during storage, whereas the assessment by 70% alcohol showed positive since 0 d. Emulsions stability changed after 30 d of storage. While, the clot on boiling (COB) test of milk was positive at 60 d of storage. Recommendation is frozen storage of goat milk should not longer than 30 d. 相似文献
74.
In this study, 0.95?Sr0.7Ba0.3Nb2O6-0.05CaTiO3-x wt% Er2O3 ceramics (SBNCTEx; x?=?0–5) were synthesized using traditional solid-state method, and we investigated the microstructure, energy storage properties as well as the relationship between dielectric breakdown strength and interfacial polarization. As compared with pure 0.95?Sr0.7Ba0.3Nb2O6-0.05CaTiO3 ceramics, the Er2O3 dopants suppressed the grain growth of SBNCTEx, and the doped ones showed the dense microstructure. The secondary phase was found for x?≥?1 according to the EDS results, and the influence of the secondary phase on relative dielectric breakdown strength has also been studied. The dielectric breakdown strength increased from 18.1?kV/mm to 34.4?kV/mm, which is good for energy storage. The energy storage density of 0.28?J/cm3 and the energy storage efficiency of 91.4% were obtained in the SBNCTE5 ceramics. The results indicate that SBNCTE ceramics can be used as energy storage capacitors. 相似文献
75.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(21):31491-31499
In this study, an all-solid-state electrochromic device (ECD) with the structure of ITO/WO3/Al2SiO5/NiOx/ITO was prepared, and the effect of the Al2SiO5 solid electrolyte thicknesses on the opto-electrical performance was investigated. The microstructure and surface morphology were characterized using XRD, SEM and AFM, and the surface morphology and degree of surface looseness demonstrate a significant influence on the opto-electrical properties of ECDs. The charge transfer dynamics at the solid-solid interface were characterized using EIS to obtain an ionic conductivity of 4.637 × 10-8 S/cm. CV, CA and UV–Visible spectra were employed to record the in situ electrochemical and optical properties. The results revealed that the highest optical modulation was 44.58%, the coloring and bleaching times were 14.8 s and 3.7 s, and the highest coloring efficiency was 98.17 cm2/C, which indicates that excellent opto-electrical properties were obtained. When the thickness increases, the degree of surface dense morphology transforms, and the loose morphology is more favorable for ion conductivity, which improves the opto-electrical properties. The results in this study provide insights into the understanding of Al3+-based all-solid-state ECDs, which promote the exploration of new types of Al3+ ionic conductors for all-solid-state ECDs. 相似文献
76.
The effect of charge on the dihydrogen storage capacity of Sc2–C6H6 has been investigated at B3LYP-D3/6-311G(d,p) level. The neutral system Sc2–C6H6 can store 8H2 with gravimetric density of 8.76 wt %, and one H2 dissociates and bonds atomically on the scandium atom. The adsorption of 8H2 on Sc2–C6H6 is energetically favorable below 155 K. The atom-centered density matrix propagation (ADMP) molecular dynamics simulations show that Sc2–C6H6 can adsorb 3H2 within 1000 fs at 300K. Compared with Sc2–C6H6, the charged systems can adsorb more hydrogen molecules with higher gravimetric density, and all the H2 are adsorbed in the molecular form. The gravimetric densities of Sc2–C6H6+ and Sc2–C6H62+ are 9.75 and 10.71 wt%. Moreover, the maximum adsorption of charged systems are favorable in wider temperature range. Most importantly, the ADMP-MD simulations indicate that Sc2–C6H62+ can adsorb 6 hydrogen molecules within 1000 fs at 300K. It can be found that the gravimetric density (6.72 wt%) of Sc2–C6H62+ still exceeds the target of US Department of Energy (DOE) under ambient conditions. 相似文献
77.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(14):20237-20244
Composite anode materials with a unique architecture of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-chained spinel lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12, LTO) nanoparticles are prepared for lithium ion capacitors (LICs). The CNTs networks derived from commercial conductive slurry not only bring out a steric hindrance effect to restrict the growth of Li4Ti5O12 particles but greatly enhance the electronic conductivity of the CNTs/LTO composites, both have contributed to the excellent rate capability and cycle stability. The capacity retention at 30 C (1 C = 175 mA g?1) is as high as 89.7% of that at 0.2 C with a CNTs content of 11 wt%. Meanwhile, there is not any capacity degradation after 500 cycles at 5 C. The LIC assembled with activated carbon (AC) cathode and such a CNTs/LTO composite anode displays excellent energy storage properties, including a high energy density of 35 Wh kg?1 at 7434 W kg?1, and a high capacity retention of 87.8% after 2200 cycles at 1 A g?1. These electrochemical performances outperform the reported data achieved on other LTO anode-based LICs. Considering the facile and scalable preparation process proposed herein, the CNTs/LTO composites can be very potential anode materials for hybrid capacitors towards high power-energy outputs. 相似文献
78.
Deunsol Hwang Jong-Beom Seo Hun-Young Park Jisu Kim Kiwon Lim 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(2)
While exercise training (ET) is an efficient strategy to manage obesity, it is recommended with a dietary plan to maximize the antiobesity functions owing to a compensational increase in energy intake. Capsiate is a notable bioactive compound for managing obesity owing to its capacity to increase energy expenditure. We aimed to examine whether the antiobesity effects of ET can be further enhanced by capsiate intake (CI) and determine its effects on resting energy expenditure and metabolic molecules. Mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) and fed high-fat diet. Mild-intensity treadmill ET was conducted five times/week; capsiate (10 mg/kg) was orally administered daily. After 8 weeks, resting metabolic rate and metabolic molecules were analyzed. ET with CI additively reduced the abdominal fat rate by 18% and solely upregulated beta-3-adrenoceptors in adipose tissue (p = 0.013) but did not affect the metabolic molecules in skeletal muscles. Surprisingly, CI without ET significantly increased the abdominal fat rate (p = 0.001) and reduced energy expenditure by 9%. Therefore, capsiate could be a candidate compound for maximizing the antiobesity effects of ET by upregulating beta-3-adrenoceptors in adipose tissue, but CI without ET may not be beneficial in managing obesity. 相似文献
79.
V.A. Dekhtyarenko T.V. Pryadko D.G. Savvakin V.I. Bondarchuk G.S. Mogylnyy 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(11):8040-8047
The influence of phase composition and microstructure of Ti42.75Zr27Mn20.25V10 alloy on its hydrogenation kinetic and phase composition of hydrogenated product was studied. It is established that the process of dissociation of hydrogen molecules begins on the surface of Laves phase crystallites. The dissolution of atomic hydrogen in the material volume leads to the formation of cracks in the intermetallic crystallites, which further appear as additional centers of dissociation of hydrogen molecules and noticeably accelerate the diffusion of hydrogen into the bulk material. It was shown that the Laves phase acts as a donor of atomic hydrogen for the BCC solid solution during hydrogenation of two-phase structure, initiating intensive hydrogenation of the BCC phase at room temperature. 相似文献
80.
Gabriel Rodrigues de Almeida Neto Cesar Augusto Gonçalves Beatrice Daniel Rodrigo Leiva Luiz Antonio Pessan 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(46):23767-23778
This study investigates the preparation of polyetherimide (PEI) – LaNi5 composites films for hydrogen storage. Prior to the polymer addition, LaNi5 was ball-milled at different conditions (250, 350, and 450 RPM) and annealed at 500 °C for 1 h under vacuum. The composites were produced with BM-LaNi5-350 (PEI/LaNi5-350) and annealed BM-LaNi5-350 (PEI/LaNi5-350-TT). Membranes were successfully produced through solvent casting assisted by an ultrasonic bath. The particles dispersion and the film morphology did not change after hydrogenation cycles. In the H2 sorption experiments at 43 °C and 20 bar, the films stored H2 without incubation time; both samples reached a capacity of ~0.6 wt%. The H2 sorption kinetics of PEI/LaNi5-350 was comparable to that of BM-LaNi5-350, whereas PEI/LaNi5-350-TT presented significantly slower kinetics. LaNi5 oxidation was hindered by PEI, showing that it can be explored to improve metal hydrides air resistance. The results demonstrated that PEI films filled with LaNi5 are promising materials for hydrogen storage. 相似文献