加入WTO我国成品油行业的对策及措施

分析了我国成品油行业现状和加入WTO带来的影响，以有国内该行业的竞争力水平。为应对加和WTO以后的新形势，研究了我国成品油行业在生产和销售领域需要采取的措施，并向政府提出了在加强宏观管理、营造公平合理的竞争环境方面的几点建议。     

低温流动性改进剂对低凝柴油性能的影响

通过考察几种低温流动性改进剂的活加量对常一线馏分、常二线馏分、常三线馏分、催化轻柴油等基础调合组分以及成品柴油冷滤点的影响,对以华北油田原油为原料生产低凝柴油的油品调合进行了研究。结果表明Ｄｏｄｉｆｌｏｗ４１３８和ＰＳＭ可做为华北石油管理局第一炼油厂生产柴油时的低温流动性改进剂,并确定了两种适宜的柴油生产方案。     

天然多孔灯心草对柴油和机油的吸附实验研究

研究了天然多孔介质材料灯心草对水中柴油、机油吸附性能，结果表明：天然多孔介质材料灯心草对水中悬浮油的静态吸附在室温下饱和吸附倍率分别为27．04和18．13；多孔灯心草在适宜的填充密度下，对油相动态吸油率为86％和88％。     

Efficient material design for diesel particulate filters

This paper will give an overview about the filter development for diesel particulate emission control in automotive applications. The material development for passenger car diesel particulate filters led to new materials like silicon carbide while for heavy duty applications still Cordierite plays a major role. But in the future other materials might also be used for passenger cars. This paper will show the basic difference between both applications and describe the material design in terms of filter properties (base material, back pressure aspects, filtration efficiency, coating impact). Current application on vehicles with catalysed soot filters (CSF) with and without oxidation catalyst will be presented. Furthermore an outlook will be given on materials for catalysed soot filters for the future.     

煤基甲醇和柴油生命周期温室气体排放评价

利用生命周期评价理论,建立煤基甲醇(coal-based methanol,CBM)和煤基柴油(coal-based Fischer-Tropsch diesel,CBFTD)生命周期评价模型.以全球变暖潜力为评价指标,系统比较以煤为原料生产车用替代燃料FTD和M100两条路线生命周期温室气体排放并重点分析生产阶段温室气体的来源.结果表明:燃料生产阶段为温室气体排放的主要阶段,比例超过60%.在生命周期的上游阶段煤制甲醇路线的温室气体排放比煤制柴油路线少27%,主要原因是能源效率的差别.而从全生命周期来看,由于发动机效率的影响,两条路线的温室气体排放又相差不大.通过对生产阶段碳平衡的计算,揭示了CO2产生的根源,并指出在净化车间增加CO2捕集和储存设备将对整个生命周期温室气体减排起到显著效果.     

Structural changes in air aged and poisoned diesel catalysts

Laboratory-scale ageing and poisoning procedures were performed on selected diesel catalysts. The results showed that phosphorus poisoning together with high temperature ageing has a strong effect on the catalytic activity and microstructure of platinum containing catalysts. Phosphorus poisoning contaminated the catalysts resulting in phosphate formation, e.g. CePO₄ and AlPO₄. Poisoning and air ageing increased platinum particle-size and washcoat grain-size.     

柴油发动机活塞静强度分析

针对铁路运输向高速重载方向发展对机车发动机性能要求不断提高的问题,为确保柴油发动机工作的可靠性,对其活塞进行静强度分析.用HyperMesh建立某柴油发动机活塞的三维有限元模型,利用ANSYS对其进行有限元分析.综合考虑热负荷与机械负荷的耦合作用,确定活塞最大应力和最大应变分布的危险部位.分析结果可以为铁路机车柴油发动机活塞设计提供参考.     

柴油替代燃料二甲醚的应用开发和发展概况

详细介绍了二甲醚作为柴油替代燃料的开发和应用情况。以天然气为原料制二甲醚，天然气价格对产品成本影响非常大，目前二甲醚作为柴油替代燃料还不具备和柴油竞争的优势，相比之下合成气一步法工艺技术更具有竞争优势。概述了我国二甲醚发展现状，并对我国二甲醚发展提出了建议。     

Transient testing of soy methyl ester fuels in an indirect injection,compression ignition engine

An evaluation of the exhaust emissions from a compression ignition engine for fuels composed of 100 and 30% methyl esters of soy oil (SME) is described. These fuels were compared with a low-sulfur, petroleum #2 diesel fuel in a Caterpillar 3304, prechamber, 75 kW diesel engine, operated over heavy- and light-duty transient test cycles developed by the United States Bureau of Mines. More than 60 h of testing was performed on each fuel. The objective was to determine the influence of the fuels upon diesel particulate matter (DPM) and gaseous emissions. The effect of a modern diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) also was determined in an effort to minimize emissions. Neat SME produced a higher volatile fraction of the DPM, but much less carbon soot fraction, leading to overall DPM reductions of 23 to 30% for the light- and heavy-duty transients. The DOC further reduced the volatile fraction and the total DPM. The SME fuel reduced gaseous emissions of CO by 23% and hydrocarbons by over 30% without increasing NO_x. The DOC further reduced CO and hydrocarbon levels. Mutagenicity of the SME exhaust was low. Results indicate that SME fuel, used with a proper DOC, may be a feasible emission reduction technology for underground mines. References to specific products do not imply endorsement by the U.S. Bureau of Mines, a now defunct agency.     

酸性离子液体和Na2WO4·2H2O催化

以酸性离子液体和Na₂WO₄·2H₂O组成的体系为催化剂，过氧化氢为氧化剂，将催化柴油中的噻吩硫氧化为砜类物质，并通过NMP将其萃取出来，同时考察了反应温度、反应时间和催化剂用量等因素对氧化脱硫反应的影响，得出最佳反应条件为：3 mL油样（含硫200 μg·g^_-1），1 g离子液体，0.021 g 钨酸钠（Na₂WO₄·2H₂O）， 0.7 mL过氧化氢，反应温度323 K，反应时间3 h，萃取剂与柴油体积比为1∶1，此时样品中的硫可降低到23 μg·g^-1。反应结束后，可以通过简单的倾倒将油样和催化剂分离，催化剂重复使用5次，催化活性基本不变。