渤海海域辽西构造带S型走滑转换带特征及控藏作用定量表征

S型走滑转换带是走滑环境下广泛发育的一类构造。以往的研究认识多集中在对走滑转换带类型划分的探讨上，缺乏对其控藏作用的精细研究。本次研究利用渤海海域辽东湾地区连片三维地震资料，结合油气田实例，运用统计学方法分析了辽西构造带S型走滑转换带的控藏作用。辽西带新生代构造变形总体表现为NE向伸展构造系统和NNE向右旋走滑构造系统的叠加构造变形，S型走滑转换带可分为增压段和释压段两大类。按照走滑转换带演化阶段的不同，将增压段进一步细分为压扭低凸起段、平缓增压段和强烈增压段等3个亚类。将释压段同样细分为纺锤形浅凹、平缓释压段和菱形释压段等3个亚类。将走滑断裂末端发育的转换带归纳为增压型或释压型马尾扇。应用S型走滑转换带“油气富集指数”的分析方法，论证了S型走滑转换带弯曲度与走滑调节断层活动性具有正相关性，并成功应用于辽西凹陷南次洼旅大5-2北油田成藏分析工作中，为勘探决策提供了定量化依据。     

Throughput-based fair bandwidth allocation in OBS networks

Fair bandwidth allocation (FBA) has been studied in optical burst switching (OBS) networks, with the main idea being to map the max-min fairness in traditional IP networks to the fair-loss probability in OBS networks. This approach has proven to be fair in terms of the bandwidth allocation for differential connections, but the use of the ErlangB formula to calculate the theoretical loss probability has made this approach applicable only to Poisson flows. Furthermore, it is necessary to have a reasonable fairness measure to evaluate FBA models. This article proposes an approach involving throughput-based-FBA, called TFBA, and recommends a new fairness measure that is based on the ratio of the actual throughput to the allocated bandwidth. An analytical model for the performance of the output link with TFBA is also proposed.     

Temporal information based GoP adaptation for linear video delivery schemes

An original wireless video transmission scheme called SoftCast has been recently proposed to deal with the issues encountered in conventional wireless video broadcasting systems (e.g. cliff effect). In this paper, we evaluate and optimize the performance of the SoftCast scheme according to the transmitted video content. Precisely, an adaptive coding mechanism based on GoP-size adaptation, which takes into account the temporal information fluctuations of the video, is proposed. This extension denoted Adaptive GoP-size mechanism based on Content and Cut detection for SoftCast (AGCC-SoftCast) significantly improves the performance of the SoftCast scheme. It consists in modifying the GoP-size according to the shot changes and the spatio-temporal characteristics of the transmitted video. When hardware capacities, such as buffer or processor performance are limited, an alternative method based only on the shot changes detection (AGCut-SoftCast) is also proposed. Improvements up to 16 dB for the PSNR and up to 0.55 for the SSIM are observed with the proposed solutions at the cut boundaries. In addition, temporal visual quality fluctuations are reduced under 1dB in average, showing the effectiveness of the proposed methods.     

Comparison between discrete and continuous analysis of facial expressions,elicited by bitter-tasting beverages in overweight and healthy-weight individuals

The aim of the present study was to compare the information provided by a discrete and continuous data analysis of two emotions (disgust and joy), elicited by bitter-tasting beverages (coffee, yerba mate infusion and grapefruit juice) in two groups with different body mass index (BMI): overweight group (25 < BMI < 30), and healthy-weight control group (18.5 < BMI ≤ 25). Participants (n = 66; 34 females, 32 males) evaluated a total of three consecutive sips of the same beverage (taking one sip every 20 s and registering a continuous video for 60 s). The Wilcoxon test (continuous analysis) showed some changes generated as the drinks were being consumed. The biggest difference was the expression of disgust for coffee in the high BMI group, at the first sip (0–10 s). It represented 27% compared to 2% in normal BMI. The continuous analysis allowed to observe the periods where the differences were greater (0–10 and 40–50 s).     

Physicochemical properties of steamed bread fortified with ground linseed (Linum usitatissimum)

Chinese steamed bread (CSB) is a staple food among Asian populations. Linseed (Linum usitatissimum) is an emerging ‘healthy’ food ingredient rich in a range of bioactive components. Ground linseeds were incorporated in northern style CSB formulation up to 20%. Various physico-chemical, nutritional and sensory properties of the resulting CSB were studied. Linseed addition decreased the specific volume and spread ratio of CSB, while increasing the hardness and chewiness in a dose-dependent manner. Linseed addition up to 15% little affected the overall sensory acceptability of CSB. Nutritionally, linseed addition increased the in vitro antioxidant activities of CSB, while decreasing in vitro starch digestibility and expected glycaemic index. It may be concluded that linseed has the potential to enhance the nutritional quality of CSB without negatively affecting the eating quality.     

AHP-模糊综合评价法在标准实施效果评价中的应用

开展标准实施效果评价能够对标准的实施状况、标准的科学性有一个客观和科学的认识,对标准的制修订工作有重要的指导意义。本文以石油工业标准为研究对象,从标准实施状况、标准实施监督、标准经济效益和标准社会效益4个方面构建了评价体系,综合运用层次分析法(AHP)和模糊综合评价法对标准实施效果进行评价。评价结果表明,该方法可以实现定性分析和定量分析的有效结合,使评价结果更符合实际情况,为标准实施效果评价提供了一种新的思路。     

Optimization of parameters in solar thermal collector provided with impinging air jets based upon preference selection index method

The present study examines the effect of flow and geometric parameters on the performance of solar thermal collector provided with impinging air jets. The investigation has been carried out in terms of performance defining criterions which are pertinent to determine the optimal design of impinging jet solar thermal collector. The experimental investigation indicated that the impinging air jets enhances the thermal performance but at the same time the friction power penalty also increases which depress the overall performance of the system. In view of this the preference selection index (PSI) approach based methodology has been applied using various performance criterions in order to determine the optimal design of the parameters which deliver maximum thermal performance with minimal increase in friction factor inside the collector duct. The optimum configuration of the parameters obtained as a result of proposed method is: streamwise pitch ratio of 0.435; spanwise pitch ratio of 0.869; jet diameter ratio of 0.065 and flow Reynolds number of 16,000.     

Comparison of steam-alkali-chemical and microwave-alkali pretreatment for enhancing the enzymatic saccharification of oil palm trunk

This paper demonstrates two different pretreatment protocols for oil palm trunks (OPT); steam-alkali-chemical (SAC) and microwave-alkali (Mw-A) method. The composition, morphology, structure and crystallinity of OPT before and after pretreatment were analyzed. The effectiveness of the pretreated methods was investigated by performing enzymatic saccharification on the OPT. The physiochemical factors namely: enzyme ratio (cellulase to β-glucosidase), pH, temperature and substrate loading (w/v) on enzymatic saccharification were also investigated. The pre-determined optimal conditions were then used for further enzymatic hydrolysis of raw and pretreated OPT substrates. The results revealed a huge degree of reduction in lignin, up to 89% for SAC treated OPT and at least 15% for Mw-A treated OPT sample as compared to untreated ones. High glucose accumulation (79.4%) was obtained after 72 h saccharification for both pretreated OPT samples.     

Coastal trapped waves in the southern Caspian Sea

Previous studies reported coastal trapped waves (CTWs) in the Caspian Sea (CS). This study deals with the generation mechanisms, the temporal and spatial variability of CTWs in this area, and their transformations during propagation from the origin to the destination using recent measurements and high-resolution numerical simulations. CTWs are observed at all stations with periods of 2–6 days after northerly storms. The Absheron Peninsula, old Sefidrud delta, and Nur coasts were identified as the CTWs prone regions. The generation of CTWs in these locations was confirmed using numerical experiments. The propagation away from the generating location of CTWs was analyzed using a representative real wind storm. In the west part of the CS, the generation mechanism of CTWs is mainly similar to the barotropic Kelvin waves; in contrast, it is similar to the continental shelf waves in the southern shelves. The results can be used to study the contribution of generated CTWs to the transport of sediment and biological materials in all large lakes.     

Structure of turbulent rich hydrogen‐air premixed flames

In the present article, series of experiments were conducted to study the structure characteristics of premixed flames in turbulent rich hydrogen‐air mixtures within a constant‐volume turbulent combustion system, 7 equivalence ratios (1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, and 2.5), and 5 turbulent intensity (0, 0.494, 0.742, 1.080, and 1.309 m/s) were studied. With the increase of turbulent intensity, the cellularity degree was obviously enhanced for turbulence promoted the formation and the development of initial cracks by wrinkling flame‐front; furthermore, the enhanced hydrodynamic instability was also one important reason. Turbulence would change the linear growth of critical radius to equivalence ratio into nonlinear, but the variation extents had limitation. The wrinkling index of flame‐front would rise as flame expanded, and the wrinkling index on flames with similar size would be increased with the increase of turbulence once the turbulent intensity was sufficiently high. From the variations of the root mean square of related oscillation on flame‐front, it could be found that the partial amount of oscillation induced by sole turbulence was declined as flame expanded for the breakup of large eddies.