Optical Trappings of ThO2 and UO2 Particles Using Radiation Pressure of a Visible Laser Light

Optical trappings of ThO₂ and UO₂ particles have been first demonstrated in water using the radiation pressure of a TEM₀₀-mode He-Ne laser beam of λ=633 nm. It was observed that a ThO₂ particle was successfully trapped three-dimensionally in the focus region and transferred by moving the focus. On the other hand, for a UO₂ particle of which a refractive index and an extinction coefficient are relatively large in the visible region, only two-dimensional trapping was observed when the beam focus was located near the bottom of the particle. One of the main difficulties in the optical trapping of nuclear fuel particles is attributed to their relatively large absorption coefficients in the visible region. Computational studies on three-dimensional optical trapping performances of absorbing particles were, therefore, perfomed with a simulation code based on geometrical optics. The present calculation can well predict the experimental results on the optical trapping characteristics for ThO₂ and UO₂ particles.     

BWR in-core fuel management optimization using parallel simulated annealing in FORMOSA-B

The process of finding optimized fuel reload patterns for boiling water reactors is complicated by a number of factors including the large number of fuel assemblies involved, the three-dimensional neutronic and thermal-hydraulic variations, and the interplay of coolant flow rate with control rod programming. The FORMOSA-B code was developed to provide an automated method for finding fuel loading patterns, control rod programs and coolant flow rate schedules to minimize certain quantitative metrics of core performance while satisfying given operational constraints. One drawback of this code has been the long runtimes required for a complete cycle optimization on a desktop workstation (oftentimes several days or more). To address this shortcoming, a parallel simulated annealing algorithm has been added to the FORMOSA-B code, so that the runtimes may be greatly reduced by using a multiprocessor computer cluster. Tests of the algorithm on a sample problem indicate that it is capable of parallel efficiencies exceeding 80% when using four processors.     

喷气燃料热氧化安定性对发动机燃油系统沉积物生成影响研究

利用JFTOT试验机和HiReTS试验机模拟发动机燃油系统对喷气燃料的热氧化安定性进行考察，并对沉积物形成进行研究。试验结果表明，随着喷气燃料热氧化安定性的提高,试验过程中生成的沉积物量减少；在产生的沉积物量相同的情况下，热氧化安定性高的喷气燃料试验时间更长，说明通过提高喷气燃料的热氧化安定性可以显著减少发动机燃油系统产生沉积物，延长发动机使用寿命。     

橡胶籽生物柴油在柴油炊事装备上的应用研究

将橡胶籽生物柴油应用在电控立式柴油燃烧器、炊事挂车、自行炊事车、野战给养器材单元等装备上，并与常规矿物柴油进行对比试验。结果表明，橡胶籽生物柴油在着火性、火焰状态、燃烧稳定性、火焰温度等方面与原使用矿物柴油性能相当，但在烟气排放中，CO排放量显著低于矿物柴油，同时橡胶籽生物柴油燃烧效率较矿物柴油高，相应排放烟气温度低，燃油消耗量低。因此，在不改变炊事装备结构的情况下，用橡胶籽生物柴油完全可以替代常规矿物柴油，且使用橡胶籽生物柴油更有利于环保和节能。     

Determination of the level of a substance in a production vessel at high temperature

A radiofrequency method is considered for determining the level of a substance in a vessel at about 1000°C or more that is used in particular for indicating the level of timber plant production waste (wooden fuel) in furnaces of heat generating units. Construction features of these radiofrequency sensors based on sections of long lines are described in detail. __________ Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 8. pp. 29–30, August, 2008.     

高位燃油箱自动供油系统

发动机在台架试验中进行燃油消耗的测量时，燃油耗仪的供油压力必须波动很小。有效的方法是采用高位燃油箱供油方式，但如何保持其油面恒定是实际操作中的一个难题。本文给出了一种高位燃油箱自动供油系统能有效地解决这一问题。     

脱硫真核微生物烟曲霉的分离及脱硫性能研究

从被原油污染的土壤中驯化、筛选、分离得到具有自主知识产权的脱硫真核微生物烟曲霉ZJ-1（Aspergillus fumigatus Fresen. ZJ-1）。该烟曲霉ZJ-1在pH值为7、NaCl浓度为5 g/L、温度为30℃的条件下，生长状况较好，可耐受3～11范围的pH值变化和NaCl 25g/L形成的渗透压，具有较强的环境适应能力。该烟曲霉可以直接脱除油品中的有机硫，有一定的实际应用价值。     

Electrolyte effect on the catalytic performance of Ni-based catalysts for direct internal reforming molten carbonate fuel cell

An active and tolerant Ni-based catalyst for methane steam reforming in direct internal reforming molten carbonate fuel cells (DIR-MCFCs) was developed. Deactivation of reforming catalysts by alkali metals from the electrolyte composed of Li₂CO₃ and K₂CO₃ is one of the major obstacles to be overcome in commercialization of DIR-MCFCs. Newly developed Ni/MgSiO₃ and Ni/Mg₂SiO₄ reforming catalysts show activities of ca. 80% methane conversion. Subsequent to electrolyte addition to the catalyst, however, the activity of Ni/Mg₂SiO₄ decreases to ca. 50% of its initial value, whereas Ni/MgSiO₃ catalyst retains its initial activity. Results obtained from temperature-programmed reduction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy identify unreduced Ni³⁺ as a decisive factor in keeping catalytic activity from the electrolyte.