叶片后弯角对车用离心压气机性能的影响

对比分析了6种不同转速下压气机性能的试验与仿真结果.在验证了ANSYS CFX软件用于压气机性能模拟分析中的可靠性后,采用数值模拟方法对3种不同叶片后弯角的叶轮进行了性能计算,得到了相关转速下的压气机特性曲线.仿真结果表明:在不改变压气机出口静压时,在一定的叶片出口角范围内,叶片后弯角的增加使两条特性曲线均向小流量方向偏移,但近喘振点边界得到了拓展,使得压气机的流量范围变得更宽;在小流量区域内,叶片后弯角的增大能够改善压气机内部流动状况,提高叶轮工作效率;而在大流量区域内,较大的叶片后弯角会使叶轮的流通特性降低,叶轮的工作效率反而会降低;适当增加叶片后弯角可以增大压气机工作范围,使压气机效率和流道内的流动均得到提高和改善.     

不同增压系统对重型柴油机性能和排放影响的试验研究

在一台电控高压共轨重型柴油机上,基于高压冷却废气再循环(EGR),对比研究了带废气放气阀式单级固定涡轮截面增压器(WGT)、单级可变涡轮截面增压器(VGT)、二级固定涡轮截面增压器(WGT-FGT)和二级可变涡轮截面增压器(VGT-FGT)四种增压方式对柴油机性能与排放的影响。结果表明:可变截面相对固定截面增压系统(VGT相对WGT,VGT-FGT相对WGT-FGT),能显著提高涡前与进气压差,实现更高EGR率和更低的NO_x排放,同时能够提高进气充量,从而改善燃烧过程。随着NO_x比排放的降低,四种增压方式的油耗都呈现上升趋势,并且VGT-FGT、VGT、WGT-FGT和WGT的燃油消耗率依次升高。当NO_x原始排放控制在5.0g/(kW·h)左右,采用WGT-FGT时燃油消耗率相对WGT获得一定改善(与VGT和VGT-FGT相当),碳烟排放与VGT-FGT接近,明显优于WGT。随NO_x排放降低,可变截面增压系统相对固定截面增压系统逐渐表现出优势:当NO_x原始排放控制在3.5g/(kW·h)左右,VGT可以获得与VGT-FGT接近的燃油经济性和碳烟排放;当NO_x原始排放更低(2.8g/(kW·h)以下),VGT-FGT降低油耗和碳烟排放的优势更加明显。     

注蒸汽对涡轮增压器的影响

水蒸气与燃气混合后的混合气体注入涡轮后,涡轮增压器会出现运行状态的变化。经对注蒸汽后的涡轮增压器进行了热力学的分拆,认为：汽气比的增大使增压器的转速、压气机空气流量和压气机压比增高;注汽温度对压气机压比有较小影响;低工况时,水蒸气的注入使涡轮的折合流量、膨胀比皆增大;在高工况时,膨胀比、折合流量能够增大的幅度减小：不同的汽气比对涡轮效率特性曲线影响较小。     

ZYQJC-1型内燃机车功率、增压器性能随车检测仪的研制

介绍了ZYQJC-1型内燃机车功率、增压器性能随车检测仪的设计和研制。检测数据包括主发电机整流后电流、电压,增压器进排气温度,压气机进出口空气温度,增压器转速等。检测数据可存储在数据盒中,通过地面分析软件对记录数据进行分析。     

Elimination of misrun and gas hole defects of investment casting TiAl alloy turbocharger based on numerical simulation and experimental study

Casting technology of thin-wall TiAl alloy turbochargers was studied by investment casting and numerical simulation.Misruns and gas holes were the main defects observed in preliminary work due to the poor fluidity of alloy,and to gas entrapment.In order to eliminate these defects,cast parameters,such as centrifugal rotation rate and mould preheating temperature,were optimized by numerical simulation,meanwhile,the structure of the shell mould was optimized to improve the filling capacity of TiAl alloy.Pouring experiments were carried out by vacuum induction melting furnace equipped with a water-cooled copper crucible based on the above optimization.The quality of the TiAl alloy casting was analyzed by fluorescent penetrant inspection and X-ray detection.The results show that a centrifugal rotation rate of 200 rpm,mould preheating temperature of 600°C,shell preparation through organic fiber addition can dramatically improve the mould filling capacity,and integrated turbochargers were finally prepared.     

基于可变高增压方式的航空活塞发动机变海拔工作特性仿真研究

以一台直列四冲程压燃式航空活塞发动机为研究机型,通过GT-Power构建一维热力学模型,首先对比研究了不同海拔下固定截面增压（fixed geometry turbocharger, FGT）、可变几何截面增压（variable geometry turbocharger, VGT）和两级可变几何截面增压（twinvariable geometry turbocharger, TVGT）对发动机性能的影响;然后基于搭建的TVGT增压系统,探究了高、低压级VGT叶片开度对发动机变海拔条件下工作特性的影响。结果表明：在不同海拔和转速工况下,发动机匹配TVGT增压系统后,其海拔适应性更佳。针对TVGT系统,在不同海拔下,当高压级VGT叶片开度位于0.2～0.4范围内,低压级VGT叶片开度位于0.6～0.8范围内时可以获得较高的动力性及经济性。通过对高、低压级VGT叶片开度的优化,在巡航工况转速3 397 r/min时可在6 000 m海拔下实现106.8%的功率恢复目标,可满足发动机对高海拔工作运行的功率恢复要求。     

高背压柴油机涡轮增压器匹配设计试验

利用GT-POWER软件建立柴油机原机的一维性能仿真模型，基于标定后的模型修改涡轮喷嘴环直径，在高背压条件下进行涡轮和压气机初步选型，根据选型结果开展不同涡轮和压气机组合下的性能优化匹配试验。结果表明：EF06涡轮与HF11压气机的组合在典型排气背压工况下最大可持续功率可达1 665 kW，所对应的喘振裕度不低于15%。该结果证明了涡轮增压器匹配仿真及试验方法的正确性和有效性。     

Diagnosis and condition monitoring of medium-speed marine diesel engines

Diagnosis of diesel engines is not new and various methods have been proposed in the past for fault diagnosis. The problems relating to marine diesel engines, especially medium- and high-speed engines, are due mainly to their large size, which does not allow the use of trial and error methods, and their high operating speed. The most difficult problem occurs when the engine is not able to produce its maximum power, while there is no obvious fault or error. In the present work a method is described which attempts to offer a solution to such problems. The method is a thermodynamic one based on a simulation model and the processing of measured engine data. Presented is an application of the method to a medium-speed marine diesel engine, which suffered from low power output accompanied by high exhaust gas temperatures. The results from application of the method show that the problem is not a direct one, but is caused by many factors that result in improper operation. With this method, the current engine condition can be discovered, and suggestions made for proper tuning or repair. After conducting such an analysis, a vessel was able to achieve its maximum cruising speed, showing that the proposed method is a promising one.     

车用涡轮增压器瞬态响应性评估与测试

基于车用涡轮增压器瞬态响应的影响因素，提出独立于内燃机的车用涡轮增压器瞬态响应评估指标D_x。通过数值模拟和试验的方法研究在不同终了转速下D_x随不同初始压比的变化以及转子转动惯量、涡轮效率和压气机效率对D_x影响。研究结果表明：试验结果与仿真结果吻合较好，证明该测试方法可用于涡轮增压器的瞬态性能测试以及增压器瞬态性能的影响因素研究。使用误差传播理论对试验测得的瞬态响应评估参数D_x值进行系统误差估计，试验测得的系统不确定度为1.35%。     

基于CATIA的涡轮增压器压气机优化设计

在技术上,利用交互式设计软件CATIA的CAD模块,分别建立原始涡管模型和优化涡管模型;再通过其CAE模块,对压气机涡管口施加应力,得到应力分析图和形变位移图。通过对原始涡管和优化后涡管应力分析,得出在同等工作条件下,优化模型比原始模型接受应力更大,进而工作更加可靠。创新点为,此方法可以缩短零件研发周期,降低研究成本。