Identification of Reference Genes for RT-qPCR Data Normalization in Cannabis sativa Stem Tissues

Gene expression profiling via quantitative real-time PCR is a robust technique widely used in the life sciences to compare gene expression patterns in, e.g., different tissues, growth conditions, or after specific treatments. In the field of plant science, real-time PCR is the gold standard to study the dynamics of gene expression and is used to validate the results generated with high throughput techniques, e.g., RNA-Seq. An accurate relative quantification of gene expression relies on the identification of appropriate reference genes, that need to be determined for each experimental set-up used and plant tissue studied. Here, we identify suitable reference genes for expression profiling in stems of textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), whose tissues (isolated bast fibres and core) are characterized by remarkable differences in cell wall composition. We additionally validate the reference genes by analysing the expression of putative candidates involved in the non-oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway and in the first step of the shikimate pathway. The goal is to describe the possible regulation pattern of some genes involved in the provision of the precursors needed for lignin biosynthesis in the different hemp stem tissues. The results here shown are useful to design future studies focused on gene expression analyses in hemp.     

热壁CVD制备铂薄膜的沉积室内壁材料选择研究

选择合适的沉积室内壁材料是热壁化学气相沉积制备Pt薄膜过程中降低前驱体在沉积室内壁上大量消耗,进而保证沉积室内Pt前驱体分压的关键。本研究对比了Pt在镍基高温合金,备选沉积室内壁材料——有氧化层的Cu以及紫铜表面的沉积的难易程度,发现在有氧化层的Cu的表面Pt薄膜很难沉积,因此当镍基高温合金为沉积基体时有氧化层的Cu可以作为热壁CVD的沉积室内壁衬底材料,但是只能一次性使用。     

热矫形温度对6N01铝合金接头组织与性能的影响

对6N01-T5铝合金焊接接头进行了不同温度的热矫形,研究了矫形温度对接头微观组织及力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,250℃内加热时接头强度和焊缝区硬度有微量上升,HAZ和母材区硬度逐渐变大;高于250℃时强度和硬度开始下降,软化区范围加宽,分别向母材和淬火区方向延伸,高温下性能恶化严重;150℃~200℃加热时易发生弯断,且弯断角随温度升高而减小。室温时,接头母材区析出相为GP区和β″,硬度值较低,热影响区软化区晶内在只有粗大析出相;250℃加热时,母材区开始析出β′相,在β″和β'的析出转变期接头硬度与强度出现峰值,软化区因重新析出β'/β″相得到强化,拉伸断于焊缝;450℃加热时,接头处于严重过时效状态,无弥散析出相,硬度和强度降低。     

W-Y二元合金力学性质的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法研究了钇的含量对W-Y二元合金力学性质的影响,精确计算了W_(1-x)Y_x(x=0.0625,0.125,0.25,0.5)合金的力学常数,并对其力学特性进行分析。结果表明,W-Y合金的弹性常数、体模量、杨氏模量以及剪切模量随Y含量(原子分数)的增加而成非单调性减小,表明Y对W材料的合金化降低了材料的机械强度。然而,基于力学特性B/G、泊松比ν和柯西压力C'等分析,Y的合金化对W的延展性和韧性有明显的提高。当Y含量x为0.25时,可有效改善W-Y合金的延展性和抗变形能力。通过态密度分析,W-Y合金的金属性随Y含量的增加先减弱而后增强。     

基于辅助支撑的整体机匣件加工变形规律研究

针对航空发动机机匣整体件加工变形大、难以满足加工精度的问题,采用有限元方法建立了基于辅助支撑的整体机匣件加工变形预测模型,分析了不同辅助支撑方案的加工变形结果。通过工件和辅助支撑模型的构建以及切削力加载方式的研究,开发了动态载荷施加程序,建立了薄壁件车削加工有限元模型;应用所建立的模型分别模拟了普通切削方式和使用辅助支撑方式的加工变形,对比分析了两种方案的加工变形;通过仿真和实验数据的对比分析,验证了仿真模型的正确性,并进一步证明了辅助支撑对加工变形的有效抑制作用;探索了不同辅助支撑元件数目、长度、轴向位置对加工变形的影响,为车削加工中辅助支撑方案的选择提供了参考。     

Far‐reaching geometrical artefacts due to thermal decomposition of polymeric coatings around focused ion beam milled pigment particles

Focused ion beam and scanning electron microscope (FIB‐SEM) instruments are extensively used to characterize nanoscale composition of composite materials, however, their application to analysis of organic corrosion barrier coatings has been limited. The primary concern that arises with use of FIB to mill organic materials is the possibility of severe thermal damage that occurs in close proximity to the ion beam impact. Recent research has shown that such localized artefacts can be mitigated for a number of polymers through cryogenic cooling of the sample as well as low current milling and intelligent ion beam control. Here we report unexpected nonlocalized artefacts that occur during FIB milling of composite organic coatings with pigment particles. Specifically, we show that FIB milling of pigmented polysiloxane coating can lead to formation of multiple microscopic voids within the substrate as far as 5 μm away from the ion beam impact. We use further experimentation and modelling to show that void formation occurs via ion beam heating of the pigment particles that leads to decomposition and vaporization of the surrounding polysiloxane. We also identify FIB milling conditions that mitigate this issue.     

电驱动和燃气驱动空气源热泵运行设备的分析

对燃气驱动以及电驱动空气源热泵的制热过程进行了分析,得出各个运行设备的损、效率以及热力完善度。研究结果表明:空气源热泵的四大部件:蒸发器、压缩机、冷凝器、节流阀的损分别为0.372、2.722、1.219、0.322。燃气空气源热泵与电驱动空气源热泵均等效为一次能源时,系统的效率分别为22.52%、17.4%,可以看出燃气空气源热泵效率较电驱动空气源热泵高,燃气机热泵更经济节能。     

Gas-shielded welding with electrode oscillations. Thermal problem

A method is proposed for calculating the temperature field in welding with trapezoidal oscillations of the welding arc, including the equation of the temperature field for the scheme of the moving surface heat source with normal distribution, the equation of trapezoidal oscillation in the form of the sum of Fourier series and the experimentally determined dependence of the effective radius of the heating spot of the arc r₀ on the welding conditions. The dependence of the effective radius of the heating spot of the arc r₀ on the welding conditions is determined by the similarity methods for welding of low-carbon and low-alloy steels in CO₂ and a mixture of the gases Ar + 20% CO₂. The comparison of the calculated temperatures and the results obtained in full-size experiments in welding of the pipes shows that the proposed calculation method results in sufficiently accurate determination of the temperature fields for practical applications.     

Study on prevention of angular distortion in fillet-welded T-joint by welding with a trailing reverse-side gas heating

Reduction or control of angular distortion without additional processes is demanded because it takes a lot of time and effort to correct the angular distortion of fillet-welded T-joints. In this study, the reduction or control of angular distortion of both sides of a fillet-welded T-joint by welding with trailing reverse-side gas heating was investigated through a welding experiment and its numerical simulation. First, the effect of gas heating position and intensity on the reduction in angular distortion was experimentally investigated using a gas burner. The results showed that angular distortion became smallest when reverse-side heating using the gas burner was located 50 mm backward of the welding torch. Also, the concentrated gas flame with increased propane and oxygen gas flow was effective for reducing angular distortion. It was clarified that the angular distortion could be controlled completely with an appropriate reverse-side gas heating condition. Next, the numerical simulation model of welding and gas heating was constructed based on comparison with the measured temperature histories and angular distortion. Through the numerical simulation of welding with a trailing reverse-side gas, more detailed understanding of the effect of gas heating condition on reduction in angular distortion was developed. In addition, it was confirmed that the gas heating position for the smallest angular distortion is dependent on the temperature distribution along the thickness of the flange plate.     

L型截面铝型材拉弯成形截面畸变缺陷控制研究

以某轨道车辆L型截面铝型材构件为研究对象,利用数值模拟技术分析了L型截面铝型材拉弯成形中常见截面畸变缺陷的成因,研究了模具结构参数对截面变形的影响规律,提出相应截面畸变缺陷的控制措施,并通过试验进行了验证。结果表明:L型截面铝型材拉弯成形主要截面畸变缺陷为立边倾斜和横边塌陷;立边倾斜缺陷主要因挡板间隙不合理引起,优化挡板间隙能够有效控制立边倾斜缺陷;横边塌陷主要因拉弯过程中立边收缩引起,基于相应位置的立边收缩量,通过减小拉弯模具支撑面的深度能够有效控制横边塌陷缺陷。