β-环糊精协同乙烯基咪唑离子液体脱除溶剂油中的萘

采用1-乙烯基-3-正丁基溴代咪唑离子液体（[VBIM]Br）为脱除剂,在β-环糊精协同作用下萃取溶剂油中的萘。本实验考察了不同单因素条件在[VBIM]Br离子液体与β-环糊精共同作用下对溶剂油中脱萘率的影响,同时通过响应面法优化脱除工艺条件。实验结果表明：[VBIM]Br离子液体与β-环糊精共同作用下对萘的萃取率比单独利用[VBIM]Br离子液体提高了15%以上,萃取率达到90%以上。离子液体简单回收后,重复使用5次过后,脱除率仍在80%以上。实验通过红外分析和紫外光谱分析了[VBIM]Br离子液体协同β-环糊精脱萘的机理,与[VBIM]Br离子液体协同作用下,β-环糊精对萘存在包合作用,实现了对溶剂油中萘的脱除。     

Interpolymer radical coupling: A toolbox complementary to controlled radical polymerization

The current review focuses on the relevance and practical benefit of interpolymer radical coupling methods. The latter are developing rapidly and constitute a perfectly complementary macromolecular engineering toolbox to the controlled radical polymerization techniques (CRP). Indeed, all structures formed by CRP are likely to be prone to radical coupling reactions, which multiply the available synthetic possibilities. Basically, the coupling systems can be divided in two main categories. The first one, including the atom transfer radical coupling (ATRC), silane radical atom abstraction (SRAA) and cobalt-mediated radical coupling (CMRC), relies on the recombination of macroradicals produced from a dormant species. The second one, including atom transfer nitroxide radical coupling (ATNRC), single electron transfer nitroxide radical coupling (SETNRC), enhanced spin capturing polymerization (ESCP) and nitrone/nitroso mediated radical coupling (NMRC), makes use of a radical scavenger in order to promote the conjugation of the polymer chains. More than a compilation of macromolecular engineering achievements, the present review additionally aims to emphasize the particularities, synthetic potential and present limitations of each system.     

α-溴化芳香酮合成方法的改进

在氧化铜存在的条件下,以单质溴为溴源,芳香酮可有效地转化成相应的α-溴代酮,所有产物结构都通过了核磁共振氢谱的表征。     

十二烷基多苷与脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠的复配研究

研究了十二烷基多苷(APG)与脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠(MES)的复配体系在298 K下的表面化学性质。通过测定γ-lg c曲线,得到复配及单一体系的表面化学参数;并运用规则溶液理论对复配体系的性能进行了计算,研究了复配体系在胶束的形成、降低表面张力效率、降低表面张力效能3方面是否存在协同效应。结果表明,APG/MES复配体系表面化学性能优于单一体系,且复配体系在胶束的形成、降低表面张力的效率方面存在协同效应,但在降低表面张力的效能方面不存在协同效应。     

Synthesis and characterization of α/β-Bi2O3 with enhanced photocatalytic activity for 17α-ethynylestradiol

The α/β-Bi₂O₃ photocatalyst was successfully synthesized by a novel solvothermal-calcination method. The physical and chemical properties of as-prepared samples were characterized based on XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, EDS, BET, UV–vis DRS and PL techniques. The synthesized α/β-Bi₂O₃ photocatalyst exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity for 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), and 96.9% of EE2 was degraded after only 24 min of visible-light irradiation using α/β-Bi₂O₃ as photocatalyst. The reaction rate constant over α/β-Bi₂O₃ photocatalyst was 1.42, 2.23, 9.22 and 54.1 times higher than pure β-Bi₂O₃, α-Bi₂O₃+β-Bi₂O₃, α-Bi₂O₃ and P25 respectively. Effect of catalyst dosage and pH value was investigated. The possible photocatalytic mechanism has been discussed on the basis of the theoretical calculation and the experimental results. α/β-Bi₂O₃ was a fairly stable and efficient photocatalyst under the studied experimental conditions, proving that the α/β-Bi₂O₃ photocatalyst was a promising photocatalyst for the practical application.     

壳聚糖改性聚乳酸的阻燃性能分析

为解决聚乳酸(PLA)易燃、熔滴等问题,以绿色天然高聚物壳聚糖为原料,采用甲磺酸、五氧化二磷、三聚氰胺对其改性,得到了一种绿色环保型阻燃剂———MPCS,与三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐(MPP)复配,形成了膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)。将IFR、α-磷酸锆(α-ZrP)和PLA用转矩流动仪熔融共混制备了阻燃聚乳酸复合材料。采用傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)对MPCS的结构进行了表征;用垂直燃烧法(UL-94)、锥形量热测试(CCT)、热重分析(TGA)及电子扫描电镜(SEM)研究了聚乳酸复合材料的阻燃性能及其阻燃机理。结果表明,当添加3%α-ZrP和22%IFR时,PLA复合材料的阻燃性能达到UL-94V-0级且无熔融滴落;由于α-ZrP具有片层阻隔作用和催化成炭作用,α-ZrP能提高PLA/IFR复合材料的阻燃效果,降低热释放量和烟密度。     

盐溶液种类和浓度对α-半水脱硫石膏合成的影响

为了解决脱硫石膏的大量堆存对环境造成的潜在危害,同时提高脱硫石膏的附加值,采用常压盐溶液水热法以电厂脱硫石膏为原料探究α-半水石膏的最佳合成工艺,重点研究了盐溶液种类及浓度对α-半水石膏的合成过程、合成产物组成及结构的影响。结果表明：在氯化钙、氯化镁盐溶液中,由于同离子效应和硫酸镁离子对的形成,导致半水石膏的形成过程受阻。较高浓度氯化钾和氯化钠盐溶液可使二水石膏发生转晶,其中氯化钾会致使半水石膏过度脱水生成无水钾石膏,氯化钠盐溶液可以使二水石膏转变为半水石膏并维持较长时间,通过比较得出最佳合成工艺为氯化钠溶液质量分数为15%、体系反应温度为95 ℃、固液质量比为1∶4、搅拌速率为150 r/min、合成时间为3 h,可以制得长径比约为5∶1的六方短柱状α-半水石膏。     

α-羟基环己基苯基甲酮合成工艺研究进展

α-羟基环己基苯基甲酮（光引发剂184）是一种高效光引发剂,因其引发效率高、稳定性好、耐黄变等优势,在电子、涂料、印刷等领域得到广泛的应用。本文根据起始原料不同对α-羟基环己基苯基甲酮的合成方法进行分类,并归纳了不同合成方法的特点。重点介绍了以环己基苯基甲酮为中间体的合成工艺以及其他合成α-羟基环己基苯基甲酮的工艺路线。目前,工业上最常用的Friedel-Crafts酰基化法合成光引发剂184的工艺路线,因为产生的三废多且有毒有害,不符合绿色化工的要求,而将逐渐被淘汰。以格氏反应法合成环己基苯基甲酮继而再合成α-羟基环己基苯基甲酮的工艺路线,因其收率高、污染少等优点而有望成为合成α-羟基环己基苯基甲酮的重要发展方向之一。最后,指出了α-羟基环己基苯基甲酮合成工艺研究的趋势。     

β-Cypermethrin Alleviated the Inhibitory Effect of Medium from RAW 264.7 Cells on 3T3-L1 Cell Maturation into Adipocytes

Studies have elucidated that pyrethroids induce adipogenesis. It is also known that macrophages can affect the homeostasis of adipose tissue. However, whether and how the β-cypermethrin (β-CYP)-mediated inhibition of the macrophages affects adipogenesis remain unknown. To explore the effects of β-CYP on adipogenesis through modulating the function of macrophages, 3T3-L1 cells, a preadipocyte cell line, were exposed to culture medium from either RAW 264.7 cells, a macrophage cell line (RM), or β-CYP-treated RAW 264.7 cells (CRM). CRM decreased the inhibitory effects of RM treatment on cell proliferation and adipogenesis, as lipid accumulation, the CEBPA content, and Fasn and Acaca expression in 3T3-L1 cells were higher following CRM treatment than following RM treatment through the higher levels of the demethylated CEBPA promoter in 3T3-L1 cells. However, the medium from β-CYP- and N-acetyl-L-cysteine-cotreated RAW 264.7 cells (CNRM) partially restored the inhibitory effects of RAW 264.7 cells on 3T3-L1 cells that had been reduced by CRM, indicating that β-CYP might reduce the cytotoxicity and inhibitory effects of RAW 264.7 cells on the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells through elevating ROS levels in RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, exposure to β-CYP downregulated the TNF-α secretion in RAW 264.7 cells. In conclusion, these data demonstrated that β-CYP affected the function of RAW 264.7 cells, alleviating their inhibitory effects on adipogenesis and CEBPA demethylation in 3T3-L1 cells. β-CYP might achieve these effects through downregulating the secretion of TNF-α via elevating ROS levels in RAW 264.7 cells. Our experiments provide a new perspective on the obesogenic effect of pyrethroids.     

Influence of core-shell structure on the cure depth in photopolymerizable alumina dispersion

The heterogeneous nucleation-and-growth processing was used to obtain core-shell particles based on alpha alumina core with silica layer. Presence of silica shell was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and zeta potential measurement. The coverage of aluminum oxide surface by SiO₂ improved a cure of the depth of photopolymerizable ceramic dispersion around 20%. The proposed surface modification enables the production of thicker cured layer which is favorable for additive manufacturing methods such as stereolithography. Thus, the number of layers that have to be printed to form the 3D object might significantly decrease, thereby reducing time and costs of fabrication.