分离自贵州侗族苗族发酵肉中两株乳酸菌的耐受特性分析

该试验对分离自贵州侗族苗族发酵肉中的弯曲乳杆菌（Lactobacillus curvatus）LAB26（SR6）和戊糖片球菌（Pediococcus pentosaceus）LAB42（SR10-1）的耐受能力进行了研究。结果显示,2株乳酸菌均表现出良好的耐酸、耐渗透压、耐亚硝酸盐及人工模拟胃肠液耐受能力。2株乳酸菌均可在pH值为3.5的环境中生长良好,其中菌株SR6在pH值为1.5的环境中仍有生长,表现出较好的耐酸性;2株乳酸菌均可在8%NaCl溶液的环境中生长良好;2株乳酸菌在0～0.04% NaNO2条件下,代谢活跃,正常生长;2株乳酸菌在经过人工模拟胃肠液处理3 h后,活菌数仍≥5.0×107 CFU/mL。表明弯曲乳杆菌LAB26与戊糖片球菌LAB42均表现出良好的耐受性,可用于功能型食品的开发。     

拮抗酵母结合热空气处理对采后海红果的保鲜效果

研究拮抗酵母结合热空气处理对提高采后海红果果实贮藏性能的效果。分别用107CFU/mL拮抗罗伦隐球酵母悬浮液浸泡处理2 min,36℃热空气处理海红果10 h以及二者结合先后处理海红果,于20℃下储藏15 d,贮藏期每3 d测定相关指标,研究不同处理对海红果果实贮藏期的保鲜效果。结果表明,热空气处理、拮抗酵母处理、先拮抗酵母后热空气处理和先热空气后拮抗酵母处理均能降低贮藏过程中海红果的失重率、腐烂率和丙二醛含量,提高SOD、CAT和POD活性,其中先热空气后拮抗酵母处理组的各项指标除POD外,其他均显著(P<0.05)优于单一处理组,表明先热空气后拮抗酵母处理海红果的保鲜效果优于单独处理方式;能明显降低果实水分和有机质的减少以及病害的发生率,提高果实抗氧化酶活性,减少丙二醛的积累,进而延缓细胞衰老,延长货架期。先36℃热空气处理10 h后107 CFU/mL罗伦隐球酵母悬浮液浸泡处理2 min是采后海红果果实保鲜处理的适宜方式。     

Characterization of D-galacturonate reductase purified from the psychrophilic yeast species Cryptococcus diffluens

An efficient method for the direct extraction of yeast genomic DNA from agave must was developed. The optimized protocol, which was based on silica-adsorption of DNA on microcolumns, included an enzymatic cell wall degradation step followed by prolonged lysis with hot detergent. The resulting extracts were suitable templates for subsequent qPCR assays that quantified mixed yeast populations in artisan Mexican mezcal fermentations.     

The Environmental Effects on Virulence Factors and the Antifungal Susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans

Cryptococcus neoformans is a facultative intracellular pathogen responsible for fungal meningoencephalitis primarily in immunocompromised individuals. It has become evident the pathogenicity of C. neoformans is dependent on the fungal cell’s environment. The differential expression of virulence factors, based on the cell’s environmental conditions, is one mechanism allowing for the environmental control of the pathogenic ability of C. neoformans. Here, we discuss how these virulence factors (including melanin, the polysaccharide capsule, and Antiphagocytic protein 1) have been shown to be differentially expressed dependent on the cell’s environment. The genetics and signaling pathways leading to the environmental-dependent regulation of virulence factors will also be examined. Susceptibility to antifungal therapeutics is also regulated by the environment, and thus affects the pathogenic abilities of C. neoformans and disease outcomes. This review will also examine the role of the C. neoformans’s environment on antifungal susceptibilities, and the genetics and signaling pathways responsible for these susceptibility alterations. By examining the complex interplay between the environment and the pathogenicity of C. neoformans, we have a better understanding of the intricacies of the pathogen–environment interaction and how to exploit this interaction to develop the most effective treatment protocols.     

Physiological role of D-aspartate oxidase in the assimilation and detoxification of D-aspartate in the yeast Cryptococcus humicola

The physiological role of D-aspartate oxidase (ChDASPO) in the yeast Cryptococcus humicola was analysed through the growth characteristics of a ChDASPO gene-disrupted strain (daspoDelta) and the expression profile of ChDASPO on various combinations of carbon and nitrogen sources. The daspoDelta strain, constructed by homologous integration of the yeast URA3 marker, grew as well as the wild-type strain on ammonium chloride, L-aspartate or D-alanine as the sole nitrogen source. In contrast, the daspoDelta strain did not grow at all on D-aspartate, not only as the sole nitrogen source but also as the sole carbon source or as the sole nitrogen and carbon source, and grew more slowly than the wild-type strain on D-glutamate as the sole nitrogen source. In the wild-type strain, the induction of ChDASPO activity strictly depended on the presence of D-aspartate and was little affected by the co-presence of ammonium chloride, but it was significantly reduced by the co-presence of both glucose and ammonium chloride, which, however, did not abolish the induction, allowing considerable expression of ChDASPO. This expression pattern was consistent with that shown by Northern blot analysis. The daspoDelta strain was more sensitive than the wild-type to the growth retardation by acidic D-amino acids, but not to that by the corresponding L-isomers or D-alanine. These results clearly show that in the yeast, DASPO plays an essential role in the assimilation of D-aspartate and acts as a detoxifying agent for D-aspartate.