The implementation deficits of adaptation and mitigation: green buildings and water security in Amsterdam and Boston

Frameworks of environmental regulations are fundamental yet problematic factors in achieving climate mitigation and adaptation policy goals. Recent theoretical arguments claim the value of general legal frameworks to enable experimentation and contextual adaptation of policies. However, empirical research regarding the effects of both general and specific norms in the practice of urban intervention remains limited. In this article we empirically discern how city governments deal with the tension between control and flexibility in the implementation of urban climate change goals. We argue that policies of adaptation/mitigation face two types of implementation problems: non-adaptive implementation and non-implementation. The first stems from an excessively constraining use of rules, while the second derives from a too general and undefined regulatory framework. Analysing two empirical cases in Amsterdam, Netherlands and Boston, MA, USA, we conclude that there are three elements that affect the way actors deal with these deficits: the level of scale at which regulations are established, the degree of land ownership which provides margin of manoeuvre to public authorities, and the sense of political urgency behind mitigation and adaptation policies.     

我国台湾地区民间参与公共建设立法的启示

在我国台湾地区,政府对于民间参与公共建设事业给予大力扶持且已形成完善的法律保障机制。而大陆地区由于缺乏相关法律政策的指导与技持,已成为阻碍民间参与公共建设事业发展的重要因素。基于对台湾地区民间参与公共建设事业发展的介绍,探讨相关法律规范的作用,为大陆地区相关法律的制定提供借鉴。     

Optimization of millimeter wave system in ITER Equatorial EC H&CD Launcher

A high power (20 MW) and CW millimeter wave (mm-wave) injection is planned for Electron Cyclotron Heating and Current Drive (EC H&CD) in ITER. An optimization of the mm-wave system for the ITER EC H&CD Equatorial Launcher (EL) is performed. The optimization of the system is aimed to obtain the maximum transmission efficiency on the condition that 1.8 MW injection per waveguide, ∼20 cm in beam radius at the resonance layer and narrow opening of the Blanket Shielding Module (BSM). The transmission efficiency of 99.1% from the end of the waveguide inside the launcher to the output of the BSM is achieved.The mm-wave propagation with high order modes is also calculated by using an experimentally obtained high power mm-wave beam pattern that includes 95%HE₁₁, 0.6%LP₁₁, 0.2%LP₀₂ and 4.2% other higher order modes. The analysis predicts the 1–2% additional loss will be induced by the high order modes.     

Prioritization of chemical carcinogenesis testing: the use of production data

Based on previous work, this paper aims to show how approximate methods of estimating exposure can lead to a preliminary ranked list of chemicals for regulation of carcinogens. This list is likely to be more reliable, than those so far generated. The paper argues four main points. Firstly that an indication of the route by which the total production of a hazardous material is distributed and enters the human body should be explicitly included in calculations. Second, simple calculations based on conservative bounds should be made to establish a ranking or set of priorities for regulation. Third, an improved system for establishing regulatory priorities can be based on formal analysis using regret functions. Finally some simple, bounded, calculations based on commonly used herbicides and pesticides are made and it is shown how some regulatory processes could be modified.     

Will energy regulations in the Gulf States make buildings more comfortable – A scoping study of residential buildings

Building envelope impacts upon energy consumption and indoor environment. The relationship between envelope components and indoor environment has become increasingly important, especially with the new emphasis on visual comfort, thermal comfort and indoor air quality. This paper examines the interaction between occupant thermal comfort and envelope component regulations in the Gulf States. The country chosen for this study is the Kingdom of Bahrain, the smallest country in the Gulf region. Simulation results and comparative studies were employed to investigate the impact of the current envelope component regulations on the internal environment. The paper focuses on residential buildings and concludes that the envelope component regulations contribute positively to the internal thermal performance. Although these envelope components are not generally the primary elements that impact upon internal thermal comfort there are circumstances when the components become very warm and occupants positioned close to them will experience discomfort. This paper shows that the thermal insulation regulation makes a small impact on thermal comfort, whereas the window regulation, particularly glazing, is more influential and that for most window areas, solar impacts are generally large.     

智慧政府框架下的政务系统云迁移策略推导

近年来智慧政府建设蓬勃发展,其政务协同、数据共享的发展理念对政务系统整合提出了明确需求。本文以系统云迁移实践为基础,对政务系统特点和属性与系统云迁移策略之间的内在联系进行探究,创造性的提出了一套基于系统属性参量选择适用云迁移策略的推导规则,并将这套规则应用于实际的政务系统云迁移方案制定中。     

英国建筑节能法规进展

本文介绍了英国建筑节能法规的发展历程,详细阐述了2006年英国建筑节能法规,最后分析了英国2006版建筑节能法规的特点。