Evolution of patinas on copper exposed in a suburban area

Copper plates were exposed under sheltered outdoor conditions for up to one year, starting in September 2001 in Musashino City, Tokyo, a suburban area. Following various periods of exposure, the patinas on the plates were characterized to investigate their evolution by using X-ray fluorescence analysis, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy. The difference in the roles of sulfur and chlorine in the early stages of copper patination were identified by analyzing the depth profiles of these two elements. Sulfur was found on top of the patina as cupric sulfates such as posnjakite (Cu₄SO₄(OH)₆ · H₂O) or brochantite (Cu₄SO₄(OH)₆). Brochantite appeared only after 12 months of exposure. In contrast, chlorine was found on the surface after only one month of exposure. It gradually penetrated the patina as the exposure period lengthened, forming copper chloride complexes. Chloride ions accumulated at the patina/copper interface, forming nantokite (CuCl), which promoted corrosion.     

陶瓷-金属-合金三层复合材料坩埚的液态成形法研究

采用黑刚玉为陶瓷，过共析钢为基体金属，硅铁为合金构成三层复合材料坩埚。目的分别是抵抗铝金属液体的浸蚀，使材料具有一定强度且能抵抗高温气体的氧化。金属粉涂料作用在于连接陶瓷和金属基体，复合材料坩埚经液态成形法一次制成。与目前普遍使用的中硅球铁相比，其抗铝液浸蚀的能力可以提高10倍以上。     

Ca15(CBN)6(C2)2O- a new cubic structure type containing CBN-anions together with acetylide and oxo anions

Ca₁₅(CBN)₆(C₂)₂O contains CBN⁴⁻ anions as well as C₂⁻ units and isolated O²⁻ anions. The compound is obtained by heating a stoichiometric mixture of CaO, C and BN with an excess of Ca in sealed niobium ampoules to 1270 K. It crystallizes in the space group Ia d with a = 1656.84(9) pm. Preparation, crystal structure, NMR and IR-spectroscopic properties are discussed.     

第十一届中国国际模具技术和设备展览会现代模具制造技术及设备评述

通过对第十一届中国国际模具技术和设备展览会中模具加工技术以及关键设备、刀具、测量仪器、模具的C如／CAE／CAM技术等的水平评述，介绍了现代模具制造技术的现状、特点和发展趋势。     

Thermal degradation of foamed polymethyl methacrylate in the expendable pattern casting process

The thermal degradation of foamed polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) patterns in the expendable pat-tern casting process has been studied. Various physical transitions that may occur during the degradation of PMMA have been determined using scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis, and the effects of polymer density on the degradation characteristics have been investigated. The results indicate that, when exposed to elevated temperatures, the polymer beads collapse at about 140 to 200 °. The collapsed beads melt at 260 ° and begin to volatilize. Peak volatilization temperatures are on the order of 370 °. The end temperature for volatilization is between 420 and 430 °. The initial density of the polymer does not have a significant effect on the transition tem-peratures associated with degradation.     

Mn掺杂对La0.68Pb0.32FeO3纳米材料电阻率、气敏性能的影响

采用Sol-gel法合成了系列纳米材料La0.68Pb0.32Fe1-xMnxO3（x=0．0，0．1，0．2，0．4，0．6），研究了Mn掺杂对材料的导电特性和气敏特性的影响。研究表明：合成的系列纳米材料均具有正交钙钛矿结构，Mn的掺杂对材料La0.68Pb0.32FeO3的结构没有影响，且对材料粒径的影响较小；随Mn元素含量的增加，La0.68Pb0.32Fe-xMnxO3纳米粉体对丙酮的气敏性均迅速降低；Mn掺杂同时导致电阻率减小，这是由于形成Mn^3＋-O^2--Mn^4＋双交换作用键的缘故。     

Investigation into the evolution of corrosion product layer (CPL) of 1018 C-steel exposed to multiphase environment using FIB and EIS techniques

This communication reports into the effects of flow, fluid composition and the effectiveness of imidazoline inhibitors on the evolution and distribution of corrosion products on 1018 C-steel exposed to CO₂ corrosion. Focused ion beam technique was used to measure the thickness of the corrosion product layer (CPL), in contrast to the conventional techniques used to observe the cross-section of specimens. Morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy revealed topographical variations on the surface with the change in the multiphase environment. The CPL was found to be more porous in nature with the presence of oil in the multiphase environment. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was also used in the present study to measure the corrosion rates and was subsequently correlated to the CPL evolution for 1018 C-steel in multiphase environment.     

两种电热爆炸喷涂层高温防腐性能对比研究

采用电热爆炸喷涂方法在45钢基体上制备高铬镍基45CT、SL30涂层,分别在800℃对两种涂层进行氧化和氯化腐蚀测试,研究涂层在高温状况下的腐蚀行为,同时借助SEM、XRD等检测手段,分析涂层在高温环境中的腐蚀特点及腐蚀机理.通过各项测试可以看出这两种高铬含量喷涂层组织致密,孔隙率极低,与基体材料具有优异的结合性,以冶金结合方式存在,其中SL30涂层组织更为致密,同时较45CT涂层平滑.此外,SL30喷涂层表现出了更为优异的耐蚀性,高温耐蚀效果好于45CT涂层.     

迈向"钢铁强国"的坚实一步--宝钢集团一钢公司不锈钢工程

介绍国内外不锈钢生产的发展应用状况,认为建立不锈钢生产基地是迈向“钢铁强国”的坚实步代,重点介绍了宝钢集团一钢公司不锈钢工程。     

Activity measurement of gallium in the B2 phase of the CoGa–Sb system by the EMF method with zirconia-based solid electrolyte

Gallium activity in the B2 phase regions of both binary Co–Ga and ternary Co–Ga–Sb systems was measured by EMF method with stabilized zirconia solid electrolyte The temperature range was 1073–1273 K and Sb concentrations were 1, 2 and 3 mol fractions. Ga activity at 1173 and 1273 K increases sharply in Ga rich region and the addition of Sb to the CoGa phase increases Ga activity. Activity change corresponds to the lattice parameter change with Sb addition to the CoGa phase.