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11.
交通平衡分配下的公路桥收费策略 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
假定一个城市被一条河流分为两部分(如我国的武汉,重庆等市),河上至少架设了两座公路桥梁,本文研究在交通平衡状态下,怎样制定车辆过桥梁的收费水平,使获得的总收入最大,乘客的总行驶时间最少,对多车种问题,研究了等价的数学模型和算法。还对一个含两座桥梁与三种车型的简单算例,进行了计算与分析。 相似文献
12.
Two commercial Pt modified aluminide coatings (RT22 and MDC150L) on the same single crystal Ni-based superalloy (CMSX-4) were studied by: scanning electron microscopy; transmission electron microscopy; energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry; and gravimetry. The RT22 coating is an inward grown coating (high activity), while MDC150L is produced by outward growth (low activity). Samples were oxidised in still laboratory air at 1050 °C for various times up to 2000 h. It was found that the outward grown coating produced a slower growing oxide that was more spallation resistant. Several possible reasons for this were identified including: coating purity; coating surface topography; and ductile to brittle transition temperature. The microstructural differences between the two coatings in the as-coated condition were investigated and the development of their microstructure during heat treatment was described. A model for coating growth during heat treatment was proposed. 相似文献
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Ring‐opening polymerization of D,L ‐lactide (LA) has been successfully carried out by using rare earth 2,6‐dimethylaryloxide (Ln(ODMP)3) as single component catalyst or initiator for the first time. The effects of different rare earth elements, solvents, monomers and catalyst concentration as well as polymerization temperature and time on the polymerization were investigated. The results show that La(ODMP)3 exhibits higher activity to prepare poly(D,L ‐lactide) (PLA) with a viscosity molecular weight of 4.5 × 104 g mol?1 and the conversion of 97 % at 100 °C in 45 min. The catalytic activity of Ln(ODMP)3 has following sequence: La > Nd > Sm > Gd > Er > Y. A kinetic study has indicated that the polymerization is first order with respect to both monomer and catalyst concentration. The apparent activation energy of the polymerization of LA with La(ODMP)3 is 69.6 kJ mol?1. The analyses of polymer ends indicate that the LA polymerization proceeds according to ‘coordination–insertion’ mechanism with selective cleavage of the acyl–oxygen bond of the monomer. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
15.
The paper describes a prototype system called HiSQL (Historical SQL) which extends the functionality of SQL in manipulating
historical data, by providing functions for spatial and temporal processing. Conceptually the paper is divided into three
parts: the first part deals with the design and architecture of the system; the second part introduces a case study (the defters);
and the third part describes specific functions for spatial and temporal processing of serial documents. The paper concludes
with a comparison between HiSQL and SQL and suggestions for further work.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
新型重整催化剂的研究——Pt/L中沸石酸碱性的作用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Pt/KL、Pt/BaKL及Pt/HL上的铂与沸石的酸碱位发生相互作用,导致催化剂上存在不同电子状态和粒度分布的铂位,从而产生有着完全不同催化作用、不同抗硫性能的两类催化剂,即以碱性沸石为载体的“单功能”催化剂和以酸性沸石为载体的“双功能”催化剂。在Pt/KL、Pt/BaKL催化剂上,存在着对硫敏感的具有环化脱氢功能和对硫不敏感的仅具有脱氢功能的两类铂活性位。 相似文献
17.
Let us consider n data measurements of a univariate process that have been altered by random errors. We assume that an underlying model function has a substantially smaller number of turning points than the observed ones. We propose algorithms that make least the sum of the moduli of the errors by requiring k monotonic sections, alternately increasing and decreasing, in the sequence of the smoothed values. The main difficulty in this calculation is that the optimal positions of the joins of the monotonic sections have to be found automatically among so many combinations that it is impossible to test each one separately. Moreover, the calculation seems to be very intractable to general optimization techniques because O(nk ) local minima can occur. It is shown that dynamic programming can be used for separating the data into optimal disjoint sections of adjacent data, where each section requires a single L1 monotonic calculation. This procedure is highly efficient, requiring at most O(kn2 ) computer operations and O(n) best L1 monotonic calculations to subranges of data for a global minimum. 相似文献
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以L-脯氨酸/吡啶为催化剂,茴香醛和丙二酸为原料,经Knoevenagel 缩合反应合成了对甲氧基肉桂酸.考察了带水剂种类、原料摩尔比、催化剂L-脯氨酸和吡啶用量、反应时间等对对甲氧基肉桂酸收率的影响.结果表明,在以正己烷为带水剂(用量50 mL),茴香醛用量5 mL(0.041 5 mol),丙二酸与茴香醛摩尔比1.2∶1,L-脯氨酸用量(以丙二酸质量计)4.0%,吡啶用量5 mL,反应时间3 h的条件下,对甲氧基肉桂酸重结晶收率达90.0%. 相似文献
20.
Laurus nobilis L., commonly known as daphne tree, is an evergreen that belongs to the Lauraceae family. Daphne trees produce grape-sized
shiny purplish berries having three parts: flesh, skin, and an inner kernel (single seed). This study examines supercritical
CO2 (SC-CO2) extraction of oil from daphne seeds. The oil yield of ground seeds varied from 14 to 28% depending on the method and particle
size used for oil recovery. Yields were similar for both petroleum ether and SC-CO2 extraction. The extraction yield decreased significantly with increasing particle size. The amount of extract collected increased
exponentially with increasing SC-CO2 pressure. The highest extraction yield was obtained at the highest temperature studied, 75°C. More than 45% of the oil was
lauric acid. SC-CO2 is a viable technique to obtain high-purity L. nobilis L. seed oil, which is a potential ingredient for the cosmetic industry. 相似文献