试论井下作业全员成本目标管理体系的构建

江汉油田井下作业处按照全员参与、全面落实、多维管理的原则,事前计划、事中控制和事后分析相统一的原则,PDCA循环体系运转的原则,与全面预算管理互相融合的原则构建了全员成本目标管理体系。全员成本目标管理体系由“指标、执行、监控、考核”四个子体系构成。建立指标体系以明确管理目标;建立执行体系以落实管理指标;建立监控体系以及时发现问题、及时纠偏;建立考核体系以调动、激励员工投身成本管理。通过子体系的有效运行,持续提升成本管理水平。     

“南人嗜咸,北人嗜甘”辨析

"咸"甜"一直以来被视为五味之一。古代文人笔记中关于饮食习俗上有"南人嗜咸,北人嗜甘"一说,影响甚大。"糖"作为甜味的主要调味来源,除了拥有调味功能以外还具有防腐功能,"南人嗜咸,北人嗜甘"是对糖的调味与防腐功能认识混淆的结果。     

TLS估计的小波自适应零值绝缘子红外热像去噪

为了弥补传统Bayes估计的小波去噪方法依赖于小波系数先验分布模型的不足,针对零值绝缘子红外图像具有低信噪比特点,提出了基于总体最小二乘(TLS)估计的小波自适应零值绝缘子红外热像去噪方法。受噪声污染的零值绝缘子红外图像经小波变换后,不处理低频小波系数,获取各尺度、各方向的高频小波系数进行总体最小二乘估计,对估计后的小波系数进行逆变换得到去噪后的图像。实验结果表明,该方法与软阈值法和Bayes估计法相比,能够有效去除噪声,保留了图像的细节信息,去噪效果良好。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定甘蔗渣水解液中的糖含量

讨论了采用衍生化 -萃取法处理含糖样品 ,毛细管气相色谱测定甘蔗渣水解液中糖含量的方法。对样品的衍生化反应时间、萃取时间和衍生化试剂用量对回收率的影响进行了详细的讨论。结果表明 ,方法简便、可靠。方法的相对标准偏差小于 4%。     

Quality Management in Pakistan's Bedwear Industry

Pakistan's bedwear industry contributes significantly to Pakistan's industry in general and to its textile industrial output and exports in particular. The exports of bedwear have increased steadily. However, its key basis of competitive advantage has been low cost. After greater liberalization from 2005 onwards and due to tariffication of quotas, the bedwear industry will not only have to scale higher tariff walls but will be more exposed to the threat of anti-dumping duties as it relies primarily on low prices to penetrate the export markets. To enhance its competitiveness, it will have to combine better quality with low costs and quick response. Research in quality management in Pakistan's bedwear industry was, therefore, undertaken. A postal self-completion questionnaire was mailed to 38 members of Pakistan Bedwear Manufacturers' and Exporters' Association (PBMEA). The response rate was almost 79%. It was found that this industrial segment was in various stages of development. This study demonstrates both the effectiveness and the limits of quality assurance in improving the levels of quality which remain a moving target in a dynamic liberalizing international trade environment that is more competitive since 2005. The bedwear industry, therefore, needs to graduate to advanced practices in quality management in order to remain competitive in rapidly changing times.     

Prediction of the crack extension under fretting wear loading conditions

Fretting is associated with small amplitude oscillatory movements between two surfaces in contact. One possible consequence of fretting is the formation and subsequent growth of cracks at the edges of the contact. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the cracking behaviour under fretting loading of two different aluminium alloys: 2024-T351 and 7075-T651. Systematic and controlled experiments with a cylinder-flat contact under partial slip fretting conditions were carried out. A model which combines both crack nucleation and propagation processes is used to predict the crack extension throughout the life of the component. The direction of crack propagation experimentally observed was taken into account by the model. Furthermore, an analytical prediction of crack nucleation based on the process volume approach is made. The predictions of both crack extension and nucleation are compared with the experimental results, and show good agreement.     

一种线路极限传输容量的在线计算方法

提出了一种电力系统在线极限传输容量的计算模型和实用化算法。这一模型基于发电计划和短期负荷预测来定义负荷发电增长方向，全面地考虑了系统在一个预想故障集下的暂态稳定约束、静态稳定约束、电压和支路潮流等静态运行约束。文中采用了一种考虑暂态稳定约束的连续潮流算法来求解，在充分利用连续潮流可以有效地计及静态稳定和安全约束的同时，采用快速时域仿真技术来处理暂态稳定约束。对一个300节点的实际系统和50个故障组成的故障集的应用表明，文中所提模型和算法是有效实用的。     

EPA系统体系结构概论

我国自主创新制定的“用于工业测量与控制系统的EPA系统结构与通信规范”国家标准是基于实时以太网的自动化标准。通过较为深入地分析IEC61499国际标准，论述了EPA系统体系结构，基于组件的EPA分布式自动化系统符合IEC61499体系结构参考模型，支持垂直集成和水平集成，具有很强的系统集成性，为工厂自动化提供了完整的一体化整体解决方案。     

齿轮成型磨削齿形误差在线测量技术

基于遗传算法并针对齿轮成型磨削加工问题，提出了一种齿轮齿形误差在线测量的方法，可以有效地解决测量起始点难于精确确定的问题，并能实现齿轮分度误差的补偿。计算机仿真和实际测量证明了方法的有效性。     

D/A转换器建立时间对输出信号质量的影响

考虑D／A转换器建立时间的影响，建立了D／A转换器输出信号波形的新的时域模型。在此基础上，以正弦信号的发生为例进行了频谱分析。发现了建立过程的平滑作用可以明显地削弱信号的谐波分量，并存在一个最佳转换频率，使谐波失真达到最小值。该结果为D/A信号发生器的优化设计提供了参考依据。