Effect of semi-drying on the antioxidant components of tomatoes

Three tomato cultivars (Excell, Tradiro, and Flavourine) grown under hydroponic conditions in a commercial greenhouse in New Zealand were semi-dried at 42 °C. The semi-dried tomatoes contained low levels of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural and were significantly (p < 0.05) darker (lower CIELAB L* values) and had a higher mean a*/b* value (1.6) than the fresh tomatoes (1.2). The mean total phenolics in the semi-dried samples of tomatoes (300 mg gallic acid equivalents, GAE/100 g dry matter (DM)) was significantly lower than that of fresh tomatoes (404 mg GAE/100 g DM). The mean total flavonoid, and lycopene contents in the fresh samples (206 mg rutin equivalents/100 g DM, 63 mg/100 g DM, respectively) also showed a significant decrease after semi-drying (179 mg rutin equivalents/100 g, 54 mg/100 g DM, respectively). Ascorbic acid content in fresh tomatoes (284 mg/100 g DM) decreased to 223 mg/100 g DM after drying. The total antioxidant activity of the semi-dried tomatoes (1783 μmole trolox equivalents antioxidant capacity (TEAC)/100 g DM) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that of the fresh samples (2730 μmole TEAC/100 g DM).     

Exact and approximate methods for determining the thermal parameters of the forging process

Numerical simulation of the forged body plastic flow is a very important and indispensable technique in the mechanical forming. The correct simulation of changing the shape of a hot blank requires the use of very accurately determined physical parameters. There is thus a pressing need to create and supplement a database containing the exact physical parameters of forged materials. The following paper shows the results of development of methods to determine two thermal parameters of a solid body: the average value of the total emissivity and the average coefficient of heat transfer by convection. The methods of determining thermal parameters, described below, are considerably simpler than traditional ones, and they do not require the use of complicated equipment. The exact method is based only on processing of experimental data. In the approximate method, both the experimental data and theoretical values of thermal parameters available in the literature are used.

The developed methods were applied to determine thermal parameters of test bodies of SAE 1045 steel and ABNT 6061 aluminum alloy.     

The continuity of colour,design, art,and science. II. Application of the total appearance concept to image creation

The philosophy of the Total Appearance concept and its application to the measurement of scenes have been described in Part I of this article. The part played by the concept in the creation of images is now outlined with respect to six real scenes. Widely different types of scenes are described in terms of the images that might be engendered in the perceiver. The sources of these images are traced in terms of the properties of the scene and the characteristics of the perceiver. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons. Inc.     

北京长河湾流域径流非点源污染总量估算

针对北京城区流域径流非点源污染问题,选择典型流域--长河湾作为研究对象,采用源类型方法对汇入该流域的雨水水质进行分析,估算单场降雨径流的污染负荷,从而推算出流域的年径流污染负荷总量,并建立了径流污染主要水质指标之间的量化关系.结果表明,道路及屋面径流雨水中主要污染物(CODer、SS、TN、TP)之间存在良好的相关性;长河湾流域的径流非点源年污染负荷总量巨大,对城区水系构成了严重威胁.     

圆度垂直度和跳动公差之间关系的分析

本文针对圆度和径向圆跳动、垂直度和端面跳动公差,在应用中容易出现的问题,通过对它们之间内在联系的分析,为正确地运用这几项公差及确定其公差数值提供参考。     

氡子体浓度测量公式

本文详细推导了用总α计数法和α能谱法测量氡子体浓度的计算公式,编写了计算机程序。核对了收集到的部分测量程序的公式,发现并指出两个已发表公式的错误,进行更正和补充后提出相应的SI单位表示的公式。     

加州杏仁酸枣羹的研制

以美国加州杏仁为主要原料,野山酸枣和白砂糖为辅料,经过选料、打浆、浓缩、灌装以及灭菌等5个步骤加工研制了加州杏仁酸枣羹,该产品酸甜爽口、淡香绵长,适合各个年龄段的消费者食用。     

数字录放音系统的总谐波失真与动态范围及测量

数字录放音系统的动态范围和总谐波失真与模拟量放音系统相比是差别的，本文讨论了数字录放音系统的动态范围和总谐波失真的意义及其测量原理。     

萃取光度法测定辐照后元件的希土总量

研究了从HNO_3介质中用TOPO预分离铀、钚及PMBP萃取,HNO_3体系反萃分离希土的条件。应用偶氮氯膦-mA显色测定希土总量。提出了用草酸铵抑制钇的吸光度的合适条件,使钇与铈组元素的吸光度趋于一致。用本法实测了辐照后元件中的希土总量并由此计算了元件的燃耗值。其结果与质谱法、放化法所得结果在±2%内符合。本文提供了一个化学法测定燃耗的方法。