Dynamic pushing on three frictional surfaces: maximum acceptable forces,cardiopulmonary and calf muscle metabolic responses in healthy men

Pushing is an important materials handling activity in many occupations; however, pushing-related physiological investigations are still in infancy. The purpose was to evaluate maximum acceptable forces and physiological responses while pushing on: treadmill (TREAD); plywood floor (PLY); and Teflon floor (TEF). Acceptable forces, cardiopulmonary and calf muscle oxygenation and blood volume responses were collected simultaneously while 12 men (age 39 ± 13 years; height 178 ± 6 cm; and body mass 91.5 ± 16 kg) pushed for 2 h on each surface at their psychophysical workload. Participants selected higher forces on the PLY, resulting in higher pulmonary oxygen uptake compared to that of TEF (by ～9%) and TREAD (by ～18%). Pushing on the TEF demonstrated 50–56% lower blood volume changes and 1.5–1.8 times more oxygenation-force ratio than that for other surfaces. It is concluded that, to avoid a potential slip, participants were conservative in selecting acceptable forces to push on the slippery TEF. Part of this compensatory strategy on the TEF resulted in less muscle activity and, therefore, less demand for oxygen delivery to the calf muscle than for other surfaces. The present findings of significant force- and physiological-related differences in treadmill vs. high inertia pushcart clearly demonstrate that pushing experiments are essential to evaluate functional abilities of the workers.     

城市树木致伤风险可视化评估：以武汉市 中山公园为例

城市中的树木能提供多种生态系统服务，但树木倒 伏、树枝坠落也可能致人伤害，评估城市树木风险能有效地预 防伤害发生、保障人身安全。但当前研究的评估维度多聚焦于 树木自身，对城市人群致伤可能性的考量较少。建构了风险严 重性、风险可能性和致伤潜力3个维度的城市树木致伤风险指 数(I UTIR)评估方法，以武汉市中山公园为例展开树木致伤风险 评估，并分析了树木自身风险、致伤潜力与致伤风险之间的空 间关系。研究发现：68.7%的区域中，树木自身风险与致伤潜 力之间的空间关系呈现正相关性，25.1%的区域呈现负相关 性。在此基础上，提出了预防树木致伤风险的管理建议。为公 园规划设计和树木风险管理策略提供参考，从而减弱树木致伤 风险对人体健康的影响。     

Influences of pretreatment and drying methods on composition,micro/molecular structures and some health‐related functional characteristics of dietary fibre powder from orange pulp residues

Influences of pretreatment methods (washing, blanching, soaking in ethanol), drying methods (hot air‐drying, infrared‐drying, microwave‐drying) and drying temperature on selected characteristics of dietary fibre powder from orange pulp residues were investigated. Pretreatments improved the hydration properties, oil‐holding capacity and glucose dialysis retardation index, but led to losses of fibres, decreased α‐amylase inhibitory activity and aflatoxin B₁ adsorption capacity. Hydration properties, oil‐holding capacity and glucose uptake depended on the structure and porosity of the fibre, while the ability to inhibit α‐amylase and AFB₁ adsorption depended more on the content and molecular fingerprinting of the fibre. Drying condition did not significantly affect functional properties of the fibre, except for the ability to uptake glucose, inhibit α‐amylase and adsorb AFB₁ (P ≤ 0.05). Hot air‐drying at 60 °C resulted in fibre with the highest ability to decrease the rate of glucose and AFB₁ adsorption.     

Investigation of the sky optical conditions over selected stations in the major vegetation zones of Nigeria

Data-set of monthly global solar irradiance covering periods of at least 20 years over selected stations in Nigeria have been utilised to investigate the sky optical conditions over the five major vegetation zones of the country. The monthly variation of the clearness index for the selected stations has been investigated. Results show that the clearness index has its minimum in August which indicates reduced insolation during the monsoon month of August and maximum around November, December and February which shows high insolation. Statistical analysis of the monthly clearness index which gives the percentage depletion by the sky of the incoming insolation and the subsequent characterisation of the sky conditions based on this were also done. The results show that cloudy sky conditions prevail in the rainforest and mangrove swamp zones (e.g. Lagos, K_T=0.40) while clear sky conditions prevail in the Sudan and Sahel vegetation (e.g. Nguru K_T=0.66) and Kano (K_T=0.65).     

膨润土与水相互作用初步研究

为研究膨润土与水作用后对高放废物地质处置安全性产生的影响,将不同蒙脱石含量的临安钠基膨润土和兴和钙基膨润土置于水中长期浸泡3 000 h。结果表明:二种膨润土的膨胀指数皆随着蒙脱石含量的增加而增加,且最大膨胀指数与蒙脱石含量间的对数值呈线性关系;膨胀平衡后上清液中一价阳离子浓度大于二价阳离子的浓度,且随着蒙脱石含量的增加而增加,数据表明Na⁺浓度与膨润土中蒙脱石含量的对数值呈线性关系;上清液烘干后残留物质量随蒙脱石含量增加而增加,XRD图谱表明其中已存在蒙脱石。这些结果可作为进一步开展地质处置中缓冲材料与地下水相互作用的研究基础。     

Tuning color-correlated temperature and color rendering index of phosphorescent white polymer light-emitting diodes: Towards healthy solid-state lighting

We report on efficient solution-processed phosphorescent white polymer light-emitting diodes (WPLEDs) with tunable color-correlated temperature (CCT) and color rendering index (CRI), through rationally controlling the composition of the emission layer (EML) based on a near-infrared (NIR)-emitting dinuclear cyclometalated platinum (II) complex bridged with NˆS anionic ligand, named (niq)₂Pt₂(μ-C₈PhOXT)₂ (Pt-1, in which PhOXT is 5-(phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole)-2-thiol, niq is 1-naphthylisoquinolinato), a sky-blue emitter iridium (III) bis[(4,6-di-fluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C2] (picolinate) (FIrpic), and a yellow emitter bis[2-(thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-4-yl)phenyl]iridium(III)(acetylacetonato) (PO-01). One of the best three-color WPLEDs shows a CCT of 3246 K as well as an excellent high CRI of 87, which are greatly beneficial in reducing deep-blue light damage and simultaneously meet the requirement for good color reproduction. Meanwhile, the relevant WPLED also achieves a maximum current efficiency of 12.1 cd/A, corresponding to an external quantum efficiency of 10.6%. This work presents an effective approach through rational combination of sky-blue, yellow, and NIR emitters towards high-performance solution-processable WPLEDs with a physiologically-friendly CCT and a high CRI.     

A spatial decomposition of the shift-share components of labour productivity inequality in Italy

This paper explores the components of aggregate labour productivity inequality between Italian regions from 2000 to 2013. The Gini index of inequality in aggregate labour productivity is decomposed, showing the extent to which sector productivity differentials and differences in industry-mix contribute to regional productivity inequality. In addition, the contribution of the interaction between differences in industry-mix and sector productivity differentials is revealed by the decomposition. Each of these contributions to inequality is measured by considering the spatial dimension of regional inequality, since the contributions of inequality between non-neighbouring regions and inequality between neighbouring regions are separated.     

Effect of partial shading conditions on off-grid solar PV/Hydrogen production in high solar energy index regions

In present work, the effect of partial shading on off-grid solar PV/hydrogen production in solar energy has been studied. The study was designed to stimulate future work in this area and to help demonstrate PV/hydrogen production. Four different electrodes in the study were coated and used in PV/Hydrogen Production. Pt anode and four different cathode materials which were Cu, Cu/Ni, Cu/NiBi and Cu/NiMo were used in the study. Data obtained from 105 W PV panel via automation system installed at ATU University, Adana, in Turkey were used for data of days representing different seasons by electrolysis experiment. The experiments were carried out between 08:00 and 16:00. The main contribution of this study is to produce hydrogen by using a part of the electrical energy gained from the solar panels, and at the same time to reveal the effect of the electrical energy produced by the partial shading of the panels on the hydrogen production. Furthermore, the effect of cathode material type was investigated for the impact of partial shading on hydrogen production. Results showed that Cu/NiMo has better hydrogen production efficiency than Cu/Ni, Cu/NiBi. The lowest efficiency was observed in the bare Cu electrode.     

小芒森甜白葡萄酒质量指标分析

以龙眼、贵人香、雷司令和玫瑰香甜白葡萄酒为参照对象,采用气相色谱、液相色谱及感官品评等技术分析小芒森甜白葡萄酒质量指标的特点。结果表明,小芒森葡萄酒中的2-甲基-1-丁醇、3-甲基-1-丁醇、乙酸乙酯、丁二酸二乙酯、咖啡酰酒石酸含量高于其他类型的甜白葡萄酒;咖啡酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、对位香豆酸和对羟基苯甲酸在小芒森甜白葡萄酒中的含量也相对偏高,上述成分是影响小芒森甜白葡萄酒风味的关键性指标。感官品评结果表明,在色泽和香气方面,小芒森甜白葡萄酒明显优于其他几种类型的甜白葡萄酒,很可能与其含量较高的酸类、醇类和酯类等成分有关。     

基于块方向图的指纹中心点定位

提出了一种基于块方向图的指纹中心点定位方法,该方法先利用灰度梯度法得到指纹块方向,再利用块搜索得到指纹的大致中心点位置,最后根据块的Poincare index算法得到指纹确定的中心点位置,该算法简单、快速、鲁棒性好。