‘Swiping … and Daguerreotyping’: Photographing Golf at St Andrews

Abstract

When photography was invented, St Andrews was already a very old town, littered with the remains of a glorious and turbulent his tory: notably the skeletons of a once magnificent cathedral and a large Augustinian priory and a ruined castle, horne of the former bishops and archbishops. Zealous reformers had helped reduce these great symbols of medieval Scotland's archiepiscopal see, which were now picturesque ruins, ideal for recording in the new medium of photography. However, St Andrews in the nineteenth century was more than just ‘that Reformation bombsite’.1 This rather apt phrase was used recently by Les Murray in his poem, St Andrews University AD 2000, one of ten poems specially commissioned to mark the 250th anniversary of the birth of Robert Fergusson, poet, former St Andrews student and inspiration to Robert Burns. It had a small, sleepy university, with old college buildings nestling among the town's commercial and private properties. But also it had something else alive and stirring in the western end of the town — its famous 'Old' golf course. Around the time the first St Andrews photographs were being made, George Fullerton Carnegie penned the following lines in his Golfiana: Address to St Andrews:     

La Andalucía Médica; The First Journal of Medical Photography in Spain

Abstract

The publication of a journal of medical photography implies recognition of photography's role in medicine. This is certainly exemplified by the Revue Médico-Photographique des Hôpitaux de Paris and the Iconographie Photographique de la Salpêtrière. The first of these, founded in 1869 in Paris by Dr. de Montméja, is the earliest medical photographic journal known. The second was founded in 1875 by Drs. Bourneville and Regnard. The birth of both journals was possible only because adequate photographic service facilities in hospitals had already come into being. Thus, the Revue Médico-Photographique des Hôpitaux de Paris appeared in the same year in which Drs. Hardy and Montméja began such a service at the Hospital ‘Saint Louis’ of Paris. Similarly, the Iconographie Photographique de la Salpêtrière appeared two years after similar facilities had been created at the Hospital de la Salpêtrière.     

发光菌冻干粉保护剂及贮藏效果的研究

探究脱脂乳类复合保护剂在冷冻干燥过程中对青海弧菌Q67(V.qinghaiensis sp.-Q67)和明亮发光杆菌T3(P.phosphoreum sp.-T3)相对发光率的影响,并对保护剂进行优化;-20、4℃以及室温(16～25℃)条件下对两种发光菌冻干粉的贮藏效果进行比较研究。结果表明:明亮发光杆菌T3对冷冻干燥的抗性要高于青海弧菌Q67;3种保护剂中,以脱脂乳、蔗糖、壳聚糖混合物为保护剂的两种发光菌粉复苏30min后的发光度最高;以脱脂乳、蔗糖、壳聚糖、谷氨酸钠混合物为保护剂的青海弧菌Q67菌粉在-20℃条件下长期贮藏效果最好;而对明亮发光杆菌T3菌粉长期贮藏而言,3种保护剂在-20、4℃和室温条件下的效果均较好。这两种菌粉在30min内快速反应,表明它们在毒性物质快速检测中有着较好的应用价值。     

利用青海弧菌Q67评估5 种农药的毒性作用

以青海弧菌Q67（Vibrio qinghaiensis sp. Q67）为指示生物,通过毒性单位和浓度加和模型评估抗蚜威（pirimicarb,PIR）、西维因（carbaryl,CAR）、草甘膦（glyphosate,GLY）、乐果（dimethoate,DIM）、乙酰甲胺磷（acephate,ACE）这5 种常见农药的毒性效应。结果表明,5 种农药的毒性大小依次为PIR＞GLY＞CAR＞DIM＞ACE。4 组二元混合体系联合毒性呈拮抗作用,其余组合为加和或协同效应。应用均匀设计射线法设计的7 条五元混合物射线中,4 条射线呈先协同后拮抗的作用趋势,3 条射线始终呈拮抗作用,且五元混合体系毒性与单一组分CAR的浓度比呈良好的正相关关系（r＝0.947）,综上,可建立线性模型对混合物毒性进行预测。本研究所建立的方法成本低、速度快、操作简单、便于携带,可作为一种潜在的农产品、食品农药残留快速检测的初筛方法。     

CO_2在碳酸二甲酯中的溶解度及强化途径

采用恒定容积法测定了283.15—303.15 K CO2在碳酸二甲酯(DMC)中的溶解度。结果表明,溶解度随压力升高而增大,随温度升高而减小。与碳酸丙烯酯(PC)相比,在283.15 K及288.15 K条件下,CO2在DMC中的溶解度比在PC中平均约高50%。并且常温下DMC的吸收性能优于低温下甲醇的吸收性能。因此,DMC是一种性能更为优越的溶剂。加入1.5 g金属-有机骨架化合物(MOF)ZIF-69后,温度为283.15 K及288.15 K时对DMC吸收CO2具有增强作用,而在295.15 K及303.15 K时无影响。这种特性也有利于CO2吸收和解吸循环过程的节能。     

Comparison between the short-term and the long-term toxicity of six triazine herbicides on photobacteria Q67

The bioluminescence inhibition of six triazine herbicides including desmetryne (DES), simetryn (SIM), velpar (VEL), prometon (PRO), metribuzin (MET), and aminotriazine (AMI) on Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 (Q67) was determined to investigate the effects of exposure duration on the ecotoxicological relevance of triazine herbicides. Based on the short-term microplate toxicity analysis (MTA), a long-term MTA was established to assess the impact of exposure time on the toxicities of the herbicides. The results show that the long-term toxicities of DES and SIM are similar to their short-term toxicities, and the long-term toxicities of VEL, PRO, and MET are higher than their short-term toxicities, while AMI without short-term toxicity has a high long-term toxicity. In addition, a parabolic relationship was found between the pEC₅₀ (the negative logarithm of the EC₅₀, log 1/EC₅₀) and the logarithm of octanol-water partition coefficient (logK_ow). To better understand their toxicity process, the time-dependent toxicities of the six herbicides on Q67 were determined over a period of 12 h during which measurements were taken every 30 min to generate an integral effect surface related to both concentration and duration.     

5类电缆性能测试的基本指标

结构化布线工程的最后一步是对布线系统的测试和评估，电缆的性能测试经常被忽视，基本指标有：近端串扰，综合近端串扰，衰减串扰比，等效远端串扰，综合等效远端串扰，回波损耗，延迟抖动等。     

Ki-67、P53和 CyclinD1在小肠间质瘤中的作用研究

目的：探讨 Ki-67、P53及细胞周期素1（CyclinD1）在小肠间质瘤（small intestinal stromal tumors,SIST）中的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组织化学 SP 法检测30例 SIST 标本中 Ki-67、P53和 CyclinD1的表达情况,并与10例正常小肠组织进行对照。结果1）Ki-67、P53和 CyclinD1在正常组织中均未表达,而在 SIST 的表达随肿瘤恶性程度的升高而升高,高危组与低危组比较、中危组与低危组比较差异有统计学意义（均 P ＜0．05）,而高危组与中危组比较差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）;Ki-67、P53和 CyclinD1蛋白表达在性别、年龄方面差异均无统计学意义（均 P ＞0．05）。2）Ki-67、P53和 CyclinD1在 SIST 的表达以中等强度为主。结论Ki-67、P53和 CyclinD1在 SIST的恶性程度判断、发生发展及诊断、预后中有一定指导意义。     

Hydroformylation of alkenes over rhodium supported on the metal-organic framework ZIF-8

A highly porous and crystalline metal-organic framework （MOF） ZIF-8 has been synthesized and used for the preparation of a supported rhodium nanoparticle catalyst （Rh@ZIF-8）. The material has been characterized by PXRD, TEM, EDX, ICP-AES and nitrogen adsorption. The catalytic properties of Rh@ZIF-8 have been investigated in the hydroformylation of alkenes, with different chain length and structure, to give the corresponding aldehydes, and showed high activity. Furthermore, after the reaction was complete, the catalyst could be easily separated from the products by simple decantation and reused five times without a significant decrease in the activity under the investigated conditions.     

Lessons from the debate on Cole's model closure

Cole (1989, 1997, 1999) advocates the introduction of expenditure lags and the fullest possible closure of single-region input-output models. Jackson et al. (1997, 1999) claim that closing also with regard to the Rest-of-the-World leads to inconsistencies and zero exogenous demand, which makes impact studies impossible. Using somewhat different arguments I agree with them: endogenous interregional feedbacks are conceptually impossible outside a full interregional model. Two hardly discussed points, however, remain for further research. First, closing with regard to all other regional demand is precarious too, as it empirically and theoretically amplifies the one-sidedness of the demand-driven input-output model. Realistic impact studies ask for models including supply-side aspects. Second, adding expenditure lags is an improvement, but the way in which this can be done and should be done requires further theoretical development. Received: December 1999 / Accepted: February 2000