Pilot Plant Study of Simultaneous Sewage Sludge Digestion and Metal Leaching

This research is related to a preindustrial pilot scale study of the performance of the simultaneous sewage sludge digestion and metal leaching (SSDML) process for decontamination and stabilization of sewage sludge. Ten batch tests were carried out in two 4?m3 bioreactors under various conditions of operation. Results indicated that the addition of 1.0 to 1.5?g?S0/L, which is the equivalent of approximately 30 to 50?kg?S0 per tons dry sludge, is sufficient to obtain conditions of acidity (pH<2.5) and oxido-reduction potential greater than 500 mV necessary for an effective solubilization of toxic metals. The final average of metal solubilization in the output sludge during the SSDML process varied in the following ranges: 25–78% Cd, 9–32% Cr, 48–100% Cu, 77–99% Mn, 15–53% Ni, 12–47% Pb, and 66–100% Zn. The N, P, and K contents were also preserved in the decontaminated sludge. Moreover, the use of low concentrations of elemental sulfur makes it possible to obtain decontaminated sludge with a low total sulfur content (1.4–1.5% S) compatible with agricultural use. The suspended solids removal calculated for the SSDML process was slightly lower, (2.5±0.4)% volatile suspended solids per day, than those reached using standard aerobic digestion. Finally, the SSDML process was found to be effective in removing bad odors and in the destruction (99–100%) of indicator bacteria.     

炼油厂碱性污水生物催化氧化预处理工艺研究

在对炼油厂碱性污水水质分析的基础上,提出采用生物催化氧化工艺对碱性污水进行预处理。试验结果表明,在水力停留时间为4 h,曝气量(标准状态)为8 m3／h的条件下,碱性污水的硫化物去除率可达90％以上,出水中的硫化物平均值为15．2 mg/L,CODCR、酚和油的去除率分别为47．5％,44．1％,50．8％,其中CODCR体积负荷为3．85 kg／(m3·d),是传统生化处理的10倍, 达到了污水预处理的目的。     

润滑油用纳米TiO2的表面改性及自修复性能研究

采用油酸对纳米TiO2进行表面改性，使其稳定分散于基础油中。利用HQ-1摩擦磨损试验机考察纳米TiO2的自修复性能，并探讨其自修复机理。试验结果表明，经改性后的纳米TiO2粉体作为润滑添加剂具有良好的分散稳定性、减摩抗磨性和自修复性。     

机械力化学作用对低介硅灰石瓷料的相变和相组成的影响

采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、差热分析(DTA)手段详细研究了由氧化物粉末制备硅灰石陶瓷时,机械力化学作用及后续热处理对硅灰石陶瓷相组成和相变过程的影响,分析了机械力化学在球磨过程中的作用机理主要是细化晶粒、使晶格畸变、晶格缺陷增多、非晶化和诱导低温化学反应。结果表明:高能球磨中的机械力化学作用能够有效地降低硅灰石陶瓷的烧成温度(11160~11220℃)。探明了经高能球磨的样品在烧成过程中的晶相转变规律。瓷料最终的晶相为单一的-硅灰石(高温变体)。     

化学复合镀层激光处理研究

研究了激光处理对Ni-P -SiC化学复合镀层的影响。借助于扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射、显微硬度计等设备对激光处理后复合镀层的表面形貌、组织结构及性能进行了综合分析。结果表明 ,对复合镀层进行激光处理可以获得与炉内加热同样的镀层硬度 ,且当激光功率 4 0 0W ,扫描速度 1.5m /min时 ,镀层硬度高于炉内加热的硬度     

Design Methodology and Area Sensitivity Analysis of Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands

An approach is presented to satisfy the demand for simple criteria, guidelines and models for the preliminary sizing of horizontal subsurface flow (SF) constructed wetland systems. This approach eliminates time-consuming calculations and iterations by providing graphical solutions for wetland system sizing. Therefore, it can be used for the preliminary assessment of new or performance evaluation of existing subsurface flow constructed wetland systems. The validity of this methodology is checked with data from existing systems and is found to be quite satisfactory. This methodology is combined with simple equations predicting the maximum wetland capacity in summer, so as to assist designers in sizing installations in tourist areas with increased summer populations. Furthermore, based on this methodology, a sensitivity analysis is performed of the area requirements for wastewaters of various strengths and various design conditions and performance criteria. The results provide a useful overview to engineers and further simplify the design methodology of new subsurface flow constructed wetland systems.     

温州市龙湾段标准堤工程软土地基变形原位观测

温州市龙湾段标准堤地基土中普遍存在一层海积淤泥,其强度低,压缩性高,承载力低,不能满足标准堤填筑及水闸运行的要求。采用预压法进行地基处理,取得的地基沉降、水平位移、孔隙水压力等现场观测资料,总结分析了该段海积淤泥地基的变形规律和特点。并提供了有关的原型观测数据,其沉降曲线规律性较好。     

Anthocyanin composition of the red wine Babić affected by maceration treatment

Identification of anthocyanins in the wine made of the Croatian autochthonous grape variety of Babić (Vitis vinifera L.) was carried out and their profile was determined by means of high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometric detection. Dependence of anthocyanins content and profile on maceration treatment conditions was investigated. Statistically significant differences of anthocyanins concentration in wines Babić produced by various maceration treatments were confirmed by the use of multivariate analysis of variances. The investigation results indicated that the maceration temperature exerts higher influence on anthocyanins concentration than the duration of maceration. In addition, on the basis of anthocyanin composition and using different multivariate statistical analyses, differentiation of wines Babić according to maceration treatments was procured.     

牛头山水电站混凝土双曲拱坝设计和水库提前蓄水研究

牛头山水电站大坝为抛物线形混凝土双曲拱坝,最大坝高108.0 m,采用坝顶5孔开敞式溢洪道泄洪,挑流消能。为提前发挥水电站效益,在拱坝尚未完全封拱的情况下,通过计算分析,得出了水库可以下闸蓄水的结论。