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941.
The electrosynthesis of polypyrrole (PPy) has been achieved on aluminium in aqueous medium of tartaric acid by means of cyclic voltammetry, potentiostatic and galvanostatic techniques. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray microanalysis by energy spectroscopy dispersion (EDS) applying on surfaces show that the PPy coating is developed from the metal surface through the cracks of the initial Al2O3 layer.A mechanism involving the participation of the supporting electrolyte and the pyrrole (Py) in distinct active sites was proposed based on the linear sweep voltammetry. It is observed for all applied electrochemical techniques that the pyrrole concentration has to be higher than 0.1 M to allow the polypyrrole electrodeposition in acid medium.Scanning electron microscopy, secondary electrons (SE) and backscattering electrons (BE), shows that the PPy coating obtained in galvanostatic and potentiostatic modes starts with small islands at weak applied potentials or current densities. Moreover, EDS reveals a good homogeneity and compactness of the film achieved in galvanostatic method. The corrosion results in 3% NaCl medium show that the PPy coating decreases the corrosion behaviour of the aluminium. The bilayer Al2O3/PPy shows a capacitor with future applications. 相似文献
942.
Amphiphilic ethyl cellulose (EC)-g-poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) copolymers were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Firstly, ethyl cellulose macro-initiators with the degree of the 2-bromoisobutyryl substitution of 0.04 and 0.25 synthesized by the esterification of the hydroxyl groups remained in EC macromolecular chains and the 2-bromoisobutyryl bromides. Secondly, tert-butyl acrylate was polymerized by ATRP with the ethyl cellulose macro-initiator and EC-g-PtBA copolymers were prepared. Finally, the EC-g-PAA copolymers were prepared by hydrolyzing tert-butyl group of the EC-g-PtBA copolymers. The grafting copolymers were characterized by means of GPC, 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopies. The molecular weight of graft copolymers increased during the polymerization and the polydispersity was low. A kinetic study showed that the polymerization was first-order. Meanwhile, EC-g-PAA copolymers were self-assembled to micelles or particles with diameters of 5 nm and 100 nm in water (pH = 10) when the concentration was 1.0 mg/ml. 相似文献
943.
944.
945.
近十几年来,随着硫磺制酸装置单线生产能力不断扩大、干吸工序低温热的回收利用和装备国产化的要求,介绍了干吸工序输送循环酸的高温浓硫酸液下泵和熔硫工序熔融硫磺泵的设计标准、技术特点、材料选择等。经使用证实,它们都满足了长期、稳定运行的要求。 相似文献
946.
In studies of feeding by the bark beetle, Ips paraconfusus, two pine stilbenes (pinosylvin and pinosylvin methyl ether), ferulic acid glucoside, and enantiomers of the four most common sugars present in ponderosa pine phloem (sucrose, glucose, fructose, and raffinose) did not stimulate or reduce male feeding when assayed on wet -cellulose with or without stimulatory phloem extractives present. When allowed to feed on wet -cellulose containing sequential extracts (hexane, methanol, and water) of ponderosa pine phloem, methanol and water extractives stimulated feeding, but hexane extractives did not. Males confined in wet -cellulose containing aqueous or organic extracts of culture broths derived from phloem tissue and containing the root pathogen, Heterobasidion annosum, ingested less substrate than beetles confined to control preparations. In an assay using logs from uninoculated ponderosa pines, the mean lengths of phloem in the digestive tracts increased as time spent feeding increased. Males confined to the phloem of basal logs cut from ponderosa pines artificially inoculated with H. annosum ingested significantly less phloem than beetles in logs cut from trees that were (combined) mock-inoculated or uninoculated and did not contain the pathogen. However, individual pathogen-containing treatments were not significantly different from uninoculated controls. It was concluded that altered feeding rates are not a major factor which may explain why diseased ponderosa pines are colonized by I. paraconfusus. 相似文献
947.
以二甲氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺和溴代十六烷为原料,丙酮为溶剂,合成了一种疏水单体——二甲基十六烷基(2-甲基丙烯酰胺基丙基)溴化铵(DHAB),并以DHAB、2-甲基-2-丙烯酰胺基丙磺酸(AMPS)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为单体,以自由基水溶液聚合法合成了一种疏水缔合聚合物P(AM-AMPS-DHAB)(PAAD-16),用IR、荧光光谱(FL)和SEM对其进行了结构表征。结果表明:PAAD-16的酸溶时间约为90 min;以该疏水缔合聚合物为主要添加剂配制而成的稠化酸在30℃、170s~(–1)下的表观黏度为59m Pa×s,在60、90℃下的热稳定性(ω)分别为85.0%和66.1%,在该条件下连续剪切120 min后剪切稳定性(ω')为81.4%,具有良好的增黏性、耐温抗剪切性和缓速性能。 相似文献
948.
本文合成了1,3-取代方酸衍生物:1,3-双[4-二甲胺苯基]-2,4二羟基环丁二烯氢氧双内盐(DMCS),1,3-双[4-双十六烷胺苯基]-2,4二羟基环丁二烯氢氧双内盐(DHCS)。研究了DMCS和DHCS在不同溶剂中的光物理行为,估算了DMCS、DHCS的基态与激发态之间偶极矩差值。在CTAB胶束中,除DMCS单体分子外,DMCS形成了二聚体。在二氧六环-水体系中,研究了DHCS的簇集行为,并测定了DHCS的临界簇集组成(C_ψ)及临界簇集浓度(C_A) 相似文献
949.
介绍湿法磷酸生产中杂质、操作条件、酸浓度、温度、搅拌、有饥物等对腐蚀的影响和材料选择的基本要素,并列出多种不锈钢的主要化学成份和几种工艺流程的材料选用表。 相似文献
950.
通过浸渍法制备了SO42--TiO2/Al2O3固体超强酸催化剂,用Hammett指示剂法测定了其酸强度;以乙酰乙酸乙酯和乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇为原料,合成了苹果酯-A和苹果酯-B,考察了催化剂的焙烧温度、TiO2的负载量、反应温度、反应物配比、催化剂用量等因素对反应的影响以及催化剂的重复使用性。结果表明,在425~575℃温度范围内,SO42--TiO2/Al2O3体系可以形成超强酸;在苹果酯-A和苹果酯-B合成中具有催化活性高、催化速率快、化学稳定性好,重复使用性佳、无环境污染;在最佳条件下,苹果酯-A和苹果酯-B的收率分别可达89.3%和91.5%,质量分数为97%~99%。 相似文献