产细菌素嗜盐四联球菌的筛选及鉴定

从传统露天酿造工艺的酱油中分离出12株乳球菌,对其进行形态、生理生化特性研究及16S rDNA序列分析,鉴定为嗜盐四联球菌。在排除酸作用后,WZ-3菌株发酵液对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌具有较好的抑菌活性,经胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶处理后,发酵液抑菌活性略有下降。因此初步认为该菌株为产细菌素的嗜盐四联球菌。     

产细菌素乳酸菌筛选方法的研究进展

近年来新型的乳酸菌细菌素不断出现,而对这类乳酸菌的筛选方法也从传统的平板筛选法,逐渐向基于生物信息学的高通量、快速筛选模式发展。文中比较了琼脂扩散法、比浊微孔板生物测定法、生物荧光法、基于PCR方法的快速筛选等方法的优缺点以及产细菌素乳酸菌的快速筛选策略,期望对新型乳酸菌细菌素的开发和利用提供新思路。     

In vitro antimicrobial effect and in vivo preventive and therapeutic effects of partially purified lantibiotic lacticin NK34 against infection by Staphylococcus species isolated from bovine mastitis

Lantibiotics are small (<5 kDa), polycyclic peptides produced by gram-positive bacteria; they are also known as gram-positive bacteriocins. The high antimicrobial activity of lacticins and the continuing appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in recent years have resulted in a renewed interest in lantibiotics. A partially purified form of lacticin NK34 (a Lactococcus lactis product isolated from the Korean fermented fish jeotgal) was tested to determine its antimicrobial effects against Staphylococcus aureus (n = 20) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS, n = 20) strains isolated from the raw milk of cows with subclinical bovine mastitis in the present study. The spot-on-lawn assay was used to identify the 2 strains from each group with the greatest lacticin NK34 susceptibility, and the minimal lethal dose (MLD) was measured in ICR (imprinting control region) mice. The preventive and therapeutic effects of lacticin NK34 on the mouse infection model were determined for the first time. Lacticin NK34 demonstrated antimicrobial effects in 14 of 20 (70%) S. aureus indicator strains and in 18 of 20 (90%) CNS strains. Staphylococcus aureus 69 and S. simulans 55 demonstrated the greatest susceptibility to lacticin NK34 in the spot-on-lawn assay. The S. aureus 69 MLD was measured at 1.53 × 10⁹ cfu/mouse, whereas the S. simulans 55 MLD was 3.59 × 10⁹ cfu/mouse. Mice infected experimentally with S. aureus 69 MLD or S. simulans 55 MLD were treated with lacticin NK34. Treated mice demonstrated an 80% survival rate (48 of 60 mice) compared with a survival rate of 7.5% (3 of 40 mice) in control mice treated with distilled water. These data suggest that lacticin NK34 might be useful in the control of bovine mastitis and systemic bacterial infection.     

Biochemical characterization of a bacteriocin‐like inhibitory substance produced by Enterococcus faecium MXVK29, isolated from Mexican traditional sausage

BACKGROUND: Enterococci are lactic acid bacteria that can produce bacteriocins, which may offer an additional hurdle to control the growth of food‐borne pathogens; moreover, these bacteriocins may have great potential as natural biopreservatives. The aim of this work was to characterize a bacteriocin‐like inhibitory substance (BLIS) with antilisterial activity produced by an enterococcal strain. RESULTS: The bacteriogenic strain was isolated from Mexican fermented sausages and identified as Enterococcus faecium with 99% sequence similarity. Maximal activity was detected at 16 h, where bacterial growth was in middle of the stationary phase. The producer strain was not inhibited by its own antimicrobial peptide. BLIS showed a strong anti‐Listeria activity and was inactivated by proteinase K. Heating (121 °C for 15 min) induced some inactivation, but thermotolerance was higher at acid pH values. The yield obtained with a pH‐mediated purification process was 32.7%, showing a band with an estimated molecular weight of 3.5 kDa. Automated N‐terminal Edman degradation showed the following sequence: YYGNGVTCGSHHCSVD. CONCLUSION: Biochemical characteristics of BLIS produced by E. faecium MXVK29 suggested that it belongs to Class IIa of the Klaenhammer classification and could be considered as a natural food preservative, although further studies need to be performed. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Class IIa Bacteriocins: Diversity and New Developments

Class IIa bacteriocins are heat-stable, unmodified peptides with a conserved amino acids sequence YGNGV on their N-terminal domains, and have received much attention due to their generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status, their high biological activity, and their excellent heat stability. They are promising and attractive agents that could function as biopreservatives in the food industry. This review summarizes the new developments in the area of class IIa bacteriocins and aims to provide uptodate information that can be used in designing future research.     

微生物共培养对植物乳杆菌RX-8合成细菌素的诱导作用

目的:植物乳杆菌RX-8分离自中国传统泡菜,可代谢合成Ⅱb类细菌素plantaricin EF.该细菌素抑菌谱广,加工应用特性良好,有作为天然食品生物防腐剂的巨大潜力,然而,其合成水平较低,工业化生产及应用严重受限.本研究探讨外源微生物共培养作为环境刺激因子,诱导菌株RX-8高效合成plantaricin EF的可行性...     

The Cyclic Antibacterial Peptide Enterocin AS-48: Isolation,Mode of Action,and Possible Food Applications

Enterocin AS-48 is a circular bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus. It contains a 70 amino acid-residue chain circularized by a head-to-tail peptide bond. The conformation of enterocin AS-48 is arranged into five alpha-helices with a compact globular structure. Enterocin AS-48 has a wide inhibitory spectrum on Gram-positive bacteria. Sensitivity of Gram-negative bacteria increases in combination with outer-membrane permeabilizing treatments. Eukaryotic cells are bacteriocin-resistant. This cationic peptide inserts into bacterial membranes and causes membrane permeabilization, leading ultimately to cell death. Microarray analysis revealed sets of up-regulated and down-regulated genes in Bacillus cereus cells treated with sublethal bacteriocin concentration. Enterocin AS-48 can be purified in two steps or prepared as lyophilized powder from cultures in whey-based substrates. The potential applications of enterocin AS-48 as a food biopreservative have been corroborated against foodborne pathogens and/or toxigenic bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica) and spoilage bacteria (Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, Bacillus spp., Paenibacillus spp., Geobacillus stearothermophilus, Brochothrix thermosphacta, Staphylococcus carnosus, Lactobacillus sakei and other spoilage lactic acid bacteria). The efficacy of enterocin AS-48 in food systems increases greatly in combination with chemical preservatives, essential oils, phenolic compounds, and physico-chemical treatments such as sublethal heat, high-intensity pulsed-electric fields or high hydrostatic pressure.     

乳酸乳球菌L9产类细菌素lactococcin GJ-9发酵条件的研究

对产类细菌素乳酸乳球菌L9的发酵条件进行了研究。结果表明 :产类细菌素最适培养基为MRS,培养基的最适初始pH值为 6 5 ;产类细菌素最适温度为 32℃ ;0 2 %Tween 80最适类细菌素的产生。并通过正交试验确定L9产类细菌素的最佳培养基为 :大豆蛋白胨 1 %、酵母膏1 5%、葡萄糖 1 2 5 %、K2 HPO40 2 %、NaAc 0 5 %、MgSO4·7H2 O 0 0 58%、柠檬酸三铵 0 2 %、MnSO4·4H2 O 0 0 0 5 %、Tween 80 0 2 % ;初始 pH6 0。经过优化 ,发酵液效价提高了 61 0 7%。