在流化床反应器中生物油重组分模拟物催化重整制氢

对在流化床反应器中生物油重组分模拟物(简称模拟物)与水蒸气催化重整制氢进行了研究。考察了温度、水蒸气与模拟物中C的摩尔流率之比(S/C)和模拟物的重时空速(WHSV)对催化重整制氢的影响。适宜的反应条件为:工业级镍基催化剂(w(NiO)=7.2%)200g、温度700℃、S/C=14、WHSV=0.6h-1、反应时间3h。在此条件下,H2产率、潜在H2(H2+CO)产率和总的C元素选择性达到最大值,分别为79.9%,86.0%,90.3%。SEM表征发现,烧结是造成催化剂失活的原因之一。     

生物质制燃油流化床反应器工作安全性研究

针对生物质制燃油流化床反应器工作中生物质进料与热解能量补充对连续生产可能带来的不安全因素,分析了其引起不安全的原因,对生物质进料结构上采取了螺旋进料器并辅以流化风实现;对热解反应的能量补充采取了流化气预热与反应器外壁加热相结合的方法,有效地解决存在的技术矛盾,消除了连续生产存在的不安全因素。设备的安全可靠运行,能对低成本、大规模生产生物燃油技术推广应用提供装备上的保障。     

微波热解生物质废弃物的研究

利用微波热裂解生物质废弃物,使其转化为可直接利用的能源,是一种非常重要的处理工艺。运用自行研发的单模谐振腔微波设备对生物质废弃物进行热解反应试验,考察了微波功率、反应时间、含水率和物料粒径对木屑热解的影响,得到较优的反应工艺条件:微波功率为2.0 kW,反应时间为8 min,含水量为20%,物料粒径为0.5~0.8 mm。分析研究了固、液、气3种热解产物:固体产物(炭)的性质得到了改善;生物油主要是芳香烃类化合物和呋喃类化合物的复杂混合物;热解气体产物主要为CO,CO2,甲烷等,热值相对较高。     

Recent advances in the catalytic pyrolysis of biomass

Biomass is considered as a renewable and alternative resource for the production of fuels and chemicals, since it is the only carbon and hydrogen containing resource that we can find in the world except for fossil resources, capable of being converted to hydrocarbons. The pyrolytic liquefaction of biomass is a promising way to convert biomass to useful products. This paper briefly surveys the present status of the direct catalytic pyrolysis for the liquefaction of biomass. The direct use of catalysts could decrease the pyrolysis temperature, increase the conversion of biomass and the yield of bio-oil, and change the distribution of the pyrolytic liquid products then improve the quality of the bio-oil obtained. The fact that biomass is in solid state present great challenges for its conversion and for the effective use of catalysts due to the bad heat transfer characteristics and bad mass transfer properties. These barriers appeal for the development of a new catalyst and new catalytic process as well as the integration of both. Process design and process intensification are of significant importance in the catalytic conversion of biomass.     

内循环串行流化床生物质催化热解试验研究

在处理量为0.2 kg/h的新型内循环串行流化床(IIFB)上进行了生物质催化热解制油的试验研究.以木屑为原料、石英砂为热载体,研究了在没有催化剂条件下反应温度对热解产物分布的影响;以HZSM-5催化剂与石英砂混合物为床料进行了催化热解试验,并对热解产物和反应后的催化剂进行了表征分析.结果表明:反应温度为515℃时,液体产物的收率最高.HZSM-5催化剂的加入促进了气体以及焦炭的生成,使液体产物的收率降低,且催化剂体积分数越大,影响越显著.催化荆表面的积炭经燃烧反应后被除去,催化剂的稳定性得到改善.热解不可冷凝气体的主要成分为CO和CO2,随着热解温度的升高,CO2产量下降,CO和CH4的产量增加.经HZSM-5催化热解后,生物油中的酸、醛和酮类物质含量明显减少,而小分子的烃类与酚类物质含量明显增加,表明催化剂具有明显的脱氧效果.     

亚超临界水中蓝藻的热化学液化

分别考察了反应温度、反应时间和反应物料液比对蓝藻在亚超临界水中的热化学液化效果的影响,结果表明,在反应温度为380℃,反应时间为40 min,反应物料液比为1:20时,液化效果最好,总转化率和油产率分别达到94.5％和41.3％.生物油的GCMS、元素和热值分析表明,生物油的主要成分是芳香族、吡咯和吡啶衍生物等物质,生...     

High efficient production of hydrogen from crude bio-oil via an integrative process between gasification and current-enhanced catalytic steam reforming

High efficient production of hydrogen from the crude bio-oil was performed in the gasification-reforming dual beds. A recently developed electrochemical catalytic reforming method was applied in the downstream reforming bed using NiCuZnAl catalyst. Production of hydrogen from the crude bio-oil through both the single gasification and integrative gasification-reforming processes was investigated. The maximum hydrogen yield of 81.4% with carbon conversion of 87.6% was obtained through the integrative process. Hydrogen is a major product (∼73 vol%) together with by-products of CO₂ (∼26 vol%) as well as very low content of CO (<1%) and a trace amount of CH₄ through the integrative route. In particular, the deactivation of the catalyst was significantly depressed by using the integrative gasification-reforming method, comparing to the direct reforming of the crude bio-oil. The mechanism and evaluation for the downstream electrochemical catalytic reforming were also discussed. The integrative process with higher hydrogen yield and carbon conversion, potentially, would be a useful route to produce hydrogen from the crude bio-oil.     

生物油中络合萃取乙酸的研究

采用三正辛胺（TOA）作为络合剂,异辛醇和煤油分别作为助溶剂和稀释剂,对生物油中的乙酸进行了络合萃取研究。考察了TOA体积分数、异辛醇浓度、萃取剂与生物油轻馏分体积比以及温度对乙酸萃取率的影响,结果表明：温度为0 ℃,萃取体系为40%TOA+40%异辛醇+20%煤油(各组分浓度均为体积分数,下同),萃取剂与生物油轻馏分体积比为3∶1时,乙酸的一次萃取率较高,可达74.6%。     

生物质加压液化制备生物油研究进展

回顾了生物质加压液化技术的发展历程,对生物质加压液化的反应机理进行了分析,分别探讨了生物质原料、液化溶剂、催化剂、液化气氛、液化温度、压力及反应时间对液化效果的影响。分析了目前液化生物油提质精炼的研究进展,指出在这方面的研究需进一步加深,为以后的工业化生产积累经验。     

生物质热解液化技术研究与发展趋势

介绍了生物质热解液化技术,总结了该项技术在原料预处理、热解工艺和生物油分离精制3个方面的最新研究成果。在原料预处理方面,介绍了微波干燥、烘焙和酸洗3种方法;在热解工艺方面,介绍了催化热解和混合热解两种新工艺;在生物油分离精制方面,介绍了催化加氢、催化裂解、催化酯化、乳化燃油和分离提纯5种新技术,并分析展望了生物质热解液化技术的产业化发展趋势。