大豆中异黄酮类化学成分的研究

用w(C2H5OH)=70%的工业乙醇从脱脂大豆饼中提取大豆异黄酮,并依次用乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,乙酸乙酯萃取部分经硅胶柱和SephadexLH-20柱层析,用V(CHCl3)∶V(CH3OH)=(12～4)∶1梯度洗脱。分离得到4种化合物,通过理化常数和光谱分析鉴定其化学结构,分别为大豆甙元(daidzein)、染料木素(genistein)、大豆甙(daidzin)、染料木甙(genistin)。     

全淀粉降解塑料的研究进展

该文对淀粉降解塑料的国内外研究进展进行了综述,指出全淀粉降解塑料研究中存在的问题和发展趋势,认为全淀粉降解塑料是最有发展前景的生物降解塑料之一。引用文献34篇。     

大豆蛋白/粘胶共混纤维的结构与性能

采用湿法纺丝制备大豆蛋白/粘胶共混纤维,分析测试了共混纤维的结构形态与物理机械性能的关系,并与其他类型的蛋白质改性纤维进行了比较。实验结果表明共混纤维的力学性能与蛋白质比例有关,随着蛋白质质量分数的增加,纤维的强度降低;共混纤维的截面形状和黏胶纤维相似,但表面沟槽更为明显。     

醋酸丁酸纤维素淡酸分离装置的技术改造

针对醋酸丁酸纤维素淡酸分离装置操作难以稳定,无法进行连续生产且达不到淡酸分离要求的问题,分析了问题产生的原因,并对原装置进行技术改造,增强了操作控制手段,增设了轻相液体分布器,将脱酯塔提馏段改为板式结构并使用耐酸材料等。改造后,装置运行稳定,淡酸分离各项技术指标均达到设计要求。     

聚乳酸的熔融聚合法的改进研究

采用熔融聚合法合成聚乳酸,对实验条件进行了优化选择。筛选出SnC l2为最适宜催化剂进行熔融聚合。最佳工艺条件为:催化剂用量为0.5%质量分数,反应温度为180℃,反应时间7.5 h,同时利用搅拌与鼓泡真空法使缩聚后期体系粘稠大搅拌脱水困难问题进一步得到解决,使熔融聚合产物的粘均分子量Mη达83483。     

In vivo aging of gutta‐percha dental cone

Gutta‐percha cone is the most widely used material for root canal filling. The in vivo aging of this cone focus on the degradation of its main organic component, trans‐1,4‐polyisoprene, was studied. Aged cones (25 samples) from 2 to 30 years of root canal filling were extracted from different patients in the occasion of retreatment by mechanical way. The information about the aging time was given by the patients. Gel‐permeation chromatography (GPC) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were the analytical techniques used. Polyisoprene degrades with time of aging, but in a slow process. Decrease in polymer molar mass from 5.7 × 10⁵ to 1.7 × 10⁵ g/mol was observed in polyisoprene from cone after 30 years of root canal filling and inside a noninfected tooth. In tooth with caries and periodontal infection, the decrease in molar mass is higher (4.6 × 10⁴ g/mol in cone with 10 years of aging). The production of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups in the aged material indicates that the process is oxidative, even in closed teeth. In these cases, the oxygen could be provided from tissue fluid. The degradation mechanism is complex and depends on many factors, besides time of root canal filling. The dental problem caused by the aging could be the production and migration of cytotoxic substances to periodontal ligament and the reduction on the canal sealing property due to the polymer weight loss. Both of them could contribute to the root canal treatment failure. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100:4082–4088, 2006     

Effect of processing on sphingolipid content in soybean products

Soybeans are believed to be a rich source of sphingolipids, a class of polar lipids that has received attention for their possible cancer-inhibiting activities. The effect of processing on the sphingolipid content of various soybean products has not been determined. Glucosylceramide (GlcCer), the major sphingolipid type in soybeans, was measured in several processed soybean products to illustrate which product(s) GlcCer is partitioned into during processing and where it is lost. Whole soybeans were processed into full-fat flakes, from which crude oil was extracted. Crude oil was refined by conventional methods, and defatted soy flakes were further processed into alcohol-washed and acid-washed soy protein concentrates (SPC) and soy protein isolates (SPI) by laboratory-scale methods that simulated industrial practices. GlcCer was isolated from the samples by solvent extraction, solvent partition, and TLC and was quantified by HPLC. GlcCer remained mostly within the defatted soy flakes (91%) rather than in the oil (9%) after oil extraction. Only 52, 42, and 26% of GlcCer from defatted soy flakes was recovered in the acid-washed SPC, alcohol-washed SPC, and SPI products, respectively. All protein products had a similar GlcCer concentration of about 281 nmol/g (dry wt basis). The minor quantity of GlcCer in the crude oil was almost completely removed by water degumming.     

纤维素/聚乙二醇/维生素共混膜的制备与缓释性能研究

介绍了在纤维素/聚乙二醇体系中加入维生素C制备成药物缓释膜的过程,并研究了其在水中的药物缓释性能。结果表明,固液比、pH和温度这三个条件都对药物缓释有非常明显的影响。例如,药物在中性条件下的缓释一般是随着固液比的增大和温度的升高而加快的,但在高分子材料的结晶温度区域进行时也受到抑制。此外,在酸性环境中药物缓释在初始时是受到抑制而后逐渐以脉冲式进行。值得指出的是,药物缓释在碱性条件下完全不发生,并出现与缓释相反的吸附现象。     

罩面金属氟碳涂料的配方设计及应用

介绍了氟碳金属涂料和氟碳罩面清漆的参考配方、生产工艺,探讨了罩面金属氟碳涂料配方的设计及喷涂效果,表明金属氟碳漆罩清漆效果良。     

聚天冬氨酸衍生物的研究进展

聚天冬氨酸具有比较好的反应活性,能够很容易被氨基开环生成具有功能基团侧链的聚天冬氨酸衍生物。可以通过共聚引入第二组分,改善原聚合物的极性和结晶性,可以使原来主链无活性基团的聚合物功能化,制备了PASP-PEG嵌段共聚物、梳状PASP-PEG嵌段共聚物、天冬氨酸与氨基乙酸、谷氨酸和氨基丁酸共聚物等;还可以对聚天冬氨酸的侧链进行改性,引入烷基或烯烃基、反应活性高的氨基酸酯、磺酸基等功能性基团,使其得到更广泛的应用。聚天冬氨酸衍生物已被广泛地应用于医药、水处理剂、清洗剂、表面活性剂、植入剂等领域。