改性棉籽蛋白对天然橡胶复合材料性能的影响

将间苯二酚-甲醛改性棉籽蛋白等量代替炭黑填充天然橡胶(NR),利用红外光谱对棉籽蛋白和改性棉籽蛋白进行对比分析,研究了棉籽蛋白用量对橡胶复合材料静态力学性能、热空气老化性能及生热和剪切动态性能的影响。结果表明,棉籽蛋白中的氨基被取代;改性蛋白质低于9份时NR的综合力学强度增加,回弹性提高,抗老化性能提高;改性蛋白质使橡胶复合材料的生热性能降低,储能模量升高,损耗因子降低。     

乙醇溶析结晶法由棉籽壳制备木糖

采用乙醇溶析结晶方法,以棉籽壳为原料,经一系列处理步骤,得到一种木糖晶体产品;对该晶体产品进行了红外光谱分析、熔程分析、环境扫描电镜分析、液相色谱分析和粒度分析。结果表明,该晶体产品与由玉米芯得到的木糖晶体具有类似的红外光谱曲线和熔程,但在晶形上,该晶体呈长棱形,而玉米芯木糖晶体呈方形;按本文优化的操作条件进行操作,结晶产品纯度为99.64%,收率为77.6%,中间粒度(M.S.)为151μm,变异系数(C.V.)为47%。表明乙醇溶析结晶是一种很有潜力的结晶方法。     

复合发酵棉籽粕菌种筛选、鉴定及其发酵工艺参数优化研究

通过对发酵棉籽粕效果优良菌株的筛选、鉴定及其复合发酵最适工艺条件的研究,探讨发酵对棉籽粕脱毒效果及粗蛋白(crude protein,CP)含量等的影响.筛选并利用三株发酵效果优良的菌株(两株酵母和一株霉菌)对棉籽粕底物进行发酵,结果表明:与发酵前相比,底物中游离棉酚(free gossypol,FG)含量显著降低(P<0.05),并显著提高了CP含量(P<0.05).经工艺优化试验研究,得到较为理想的发酵工艺条件:底物组成为棉籽粕70%、玉米20%、糖蜜10%,添加3%硫酸铵,底物与水比例为1:0.6,三菌种(S1:S3:S6)接种比例为3:3:2,接种量为5%,自然pH.     

脱臭工艺条件对棉籽油中反式脂肪酸含量的影响

研究了脱臭温度和脱臭时间对棉籽油中反式脂肪酸含量的影响。结果表明:脱臭温度和脱臭时间对棉籽油中反式油酸含量的影响很小;脱臭温度对棉籽油中反式亚油酸含量影响显著,脱臭时间对其影响的显著性次之;在一定的脱臭时间,不同脱臭温度下,棉籽油中总反式脂肪酸最多含量为最少含量的100倍以上;在一定的脱臭温度,不同脱臭时间下,棉籽油中总反式脂肪酸最多含量约为最少含量的1.7～5.5倍,且在255℃以下随脱臭时间延长,棉籽油中总反式脂肪酸的形成速度缓慢、相对含量低。     

棉酚HPLC分析中检测波长的确定

到目前为止，棉籽饼中棉酚液相色谱分析中紫外检测波长均为254nm．本文通过实验证明当检测波长为238nm时，在同一实验条件下，不仅可以提高检测的灵敏度，而且最小检测量可降至5mg，并可测定棉籽饼中低至0．5μg／g的游离棉酚．     

棉籽蛋白-聚丙烯酸高吸水性树脂的生物降解性能

采用培养基培养法,考察了枯草杆菌与黑曲霉利用CP-PAA高吸水性树脂中碳源的生长情况,对棉籽蛋白-聚丙烯酸吸水树脂生物降解性能进行了定性评价。红外光谱和扫描电镜分析表明树脂具有一定的生物降解性,由于树脂中棉籽蛋白部分生物降解后,接枝或交联的其它组分仍保留下来,未达到100%降解。棉籽蛋白的引入有助于树脂在微生物作用下大分子骨架结构的断裂,加速其降解成为小分子化合物的进程。     

棉油结合型加脂剂的复配应用研究

用制备好的亚硫酸化棉油加脂剂单体与软皮白油加脂剂等进行复配，制得结合型复合加脂剂，并对复配工艺、配方及其应用效果进行了研究和讨论。     

棉油酸甲酯聚合物碘值的测定研究

本文用维氏法测定了棉油酸甲酯及其聚合物的碘值。首次发现,虽然未经聚合反应的棉油酸甲酯的碘值与称样量关系不大,但是聚合甲酯以及未聚合的单体酸甲酯的碘值不易测准,即随着试样称量的不同,测得碘值有明显变化。作者从聚合反应机理以及聚合产物结构上,分析了聚合甲酯和单体酸甲酯碘值不易测准的原因;同时指出控制试样称量在0.2～0.3克的范围内,而且每次称样绝对偏差不超过0.01克时,可获得近乎一致的碘值,相对误差不超过1％。这样测得的碘值可满意地表示棉油酸甲酯聚合产物的不饱和程度。     

Effects of gossypol from cottonseed on hematological responses and plasma alpha-tocopherol concentration of dairy cows

The effects of feeding whole cottonseed (WCS) and bovine somatotropin (bST) administration on hematological responses and plasma alpha-tocopherol concentrations of lactating dairy cattle were examined. After parturition, multi and primiparous Holstein cows (n = 159) were assigned randomly to a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of (0 or 15% WCS and 0 or 208 mg of bST injected every 2 wk starting within 7 d after calving. Blood samples were collected from a subset group of 64 cows at 14, 28, 42, and 56 d postpartum. Blood was collected from all cows (n = 159) at 75, 96 and 120 d postpartum. Blood samples were analyzed for alpha-tocopherol and total and (+)- and (-)-gossypol in plasma. Erythrocyte osmotic fragility, hemoglobin and hematocrit also were determined in blood. The mean concentrations of alpha-Tocopherol, total, and (+)- and (-)-gossypol were higher in cows fed WCS regardless of bST administration and plateaued by d 75 postpartum. Hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations were not affected by treatments. Erythrocyte osmotic fragility was higher in cows fed WCS, but the increase was attenuated when bST was injected (diet x bST interaction). No clinical signs of gossypol toxicity were observed in the cows consuming the WCS.     

Ruminal fermentation and bacterial protein synthesis of whole cottonseed coated with combinations of gelatinized corn starch and urea

Four ruminally and duodenally cannulated Jersey cows were used in a 4 x 5 incomplete Latin square study to determine the effects of including urea in the gelatinized corn starch coating applied to whole cottonseed (WCS) on ruminal fermentation, fiber digestion, and bacterial protein synthesis. Treatments included uncoated WCS (control) and four coated WCS treatments. The coatings provided two concentrations each of gelatinized corn starch (2.5 [2S] or 5% [5S]) and feed grade urea (0.25 [2U] or 0.5% [5U]). Treated WCS comprised 15% of the ration dry matter that was fed as a total mixed ration once daily. Ruminal pH and molar proportions of isobutyrate was higher and NH3-N concentrations lower for control compared with coated WCS. Molar proportions of propionate tended to be higher and valerate was lower with 2S compared with 5S. Molar proportions of acetate tended to be lower, whereas butyrate was higher for 5U than 2U. Nutrient intake was lower for WCS coated with 5S5U compared with 2S5U. Ruminal NDF digestibility of NDF tended to be higher with 5U compared with 2U, but no differences were observed in ruminal or total tract apparent digestibility of nutrients. No differences were observed in the flow of total N or bacterial N to the duodenum, but the flow of nonbacterial N tended to be higher for WCS coated with 5U. Coating WCS appears to slightly alter ruminal metabolism while providing similar amounts of N flowing to the duodenum without altering fiber digestion.