软件可靠性度量方法

分析软件故障暴露率与软件测试次数之间的关系,提出在保证可靠性测试结果客观准确的前提下,有效减少验证测试次数的方法。结合软件可靠性和体系结构相关理论,提出基于组件的软件失效率定量计算方法。研究并利用软件可靠性度量方法,提高了软件可靠性测试效率和可靠性评估准确性。     

Optimal number of minimal repairs with cumulative repair cost limit for a two-unit system with failure rate interactions

A discrete replacement model is presented that includes a cumulative repair cost limit for a two-unit system with failure rate interactions between the units. We assume a failure in unit 1 causes the failure rate in unit 2 to increase, whereas a failure in unit 2 causes a failure in unit 1, resulting in a total system failure. If unit 1 fails and the cumulative repair cost till to this failure is less than a limit L, then unit 1 is repaired. If there is a failure in unit 1 and the cumulative repair cost exceeds L or the number of failures equals n, the entire system is preventively replaced. The system is also replaced at a total failure, and such replacement cost is higher than the preventive replacement cost. The long-term expected cost per unit time is derived using the expected costs as the optimality criterion. The minimum-cost policy is derived, and existence and uniqueness are proved.     

高校学生恋爱影响因素的累积Logistic回归分析模型

高校学生恋爱对其自身学习与成长有很大的影响,为了帮助大学生树立积极向上的恋爱观。本文通过对我国10所高校500份“高校学生恋爱调查报告”所获数据的Pearson相关性分析,引入恋爱疏远度来表示恋爱双方的感情程度。在分析各单因素对恋爱疏远度影响的基础上,建立综合因素下高校学生恋爱影响因素的累积Logistic回归分析模型,并通过模型确定出影响高校学生恋爱的两个重要因素。     

一种基于忆阻器的新型曝光量传感器

为了增大曝光量传感器的测量范围,提出了一种基于忆阻器的新型曝光量传感器设计方案。该传感器主要由光敏电阻、限流电阻和忆阻器组成。光敏电阻的阻值随着光照度的变化发生改变,引起回路电流和电荷量发生变化。基于记忆效应,忆阻器利用其阻值来表征物体被辐照时光照度在一段时间内的积分值,从而实现了对曝光量的测量。为了验证所设计的基于忆阻器的曝光量传感器,进行了光照度恒定不变、逐渐增大和随机变化情况下的测试。实验结果表明,曝光量传感器实现了对曝光量的测量,具有比一般测量方法更大的测量范围,而且随着光照度的增大,传感器的测量范围随之增大。另外,随着限流电阻的增大,传感器的测量范围逐渐增大,但其灵敏度随之降低。     

基于非均匀系数的水库移民收入恢复评价

水利水电工程征地移民搬迁后的生产生活恢复,不仅是实现移民规划目标的重点内容,也是保持安置区社会稳定的重要因素。水库移民搬迁后的收入恢复水平是评价移民工程搬迁安置效果的一个重要指标。移民收入的评价,除收入水平之外,还涉及到贫富差距等共同富裕问题。针对南水北调中线丹江口库区试点移民的收入恢复,在抽样与跟踪调查获取数据的基础上,分析了移民收入的整体恢复水平,并利用非均匀系数对收入的差距进行了研究。     

Optimal allocation of change points in simple step-stress experiments under Type-II censoring

In simple step-stress experiments under Type-II censoring with the cumulative exposure model and exponentially distributed lifetimes, maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) of the expected lifetimes may not exist due to the absence of failure times either before or after the stress change point. For this reason, when planning a step-stress experiment, the change point could be chosen so as to minimize the probability of non-existence of the MLE. These non-existence probabilities are examined and compared in the one- as well as the two-sample situations. Moreover, the optimal allocations of the change points are discussed and the effects of the use of non-optimal choices for the change points are assessed.     

Evolution strategies with cumulative step length adaptation on the noisy parabolic ridge

This paper presents an analysis of the performance of the (μ/μ,λ)-ES with isotropically distributed mutations and cumulative step length adaptation on the noisy parabolic ridge. Several forms of dependency of the noise strength on the distance from the ridge axis are considered. Closed form expressions are derived that describe the mutation strength and the progress rate of the strategy in high-dimensional search spaces. It is seen that as for the sphere model, larger levels of noise present lead to cumulative step length adaptation generating increasingly inadequate mutation strengths, and that the problem can be ameliorated to some degree by working with larger populations.     

An optimal sampling approach to modelling whole-body vibration exposure in all-terrain vehicle driving

Abstract

Exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV) presents an occupational health risk and several safety standards obligate to measure WBV. The high cost of direct measurements in large epidemiological studies raises the question of the optimal sampling for estimating WBV exposures given by a large variation in exposure levels in real worksites. This paper presents a new approach to addressing this problem. A daily exposure to WBV was recorded for 9–24 days among 48 all-terrain vehicle drivers. Four data-sets based on root mean squared recordings were obtained from the measurement. The data were modelled using semi-variogram with spectrum analysis and the optimal sampling scheme was derived. The optimum sampling period was 140 min apart. The result was verified and validated in terms of its accuracy and statistical power. Recordings of two to three hours are probably needed to get a sufficiently unbiased daily WBV exposure estimate in real worksites. The developed model is general enough that is applicable to other cumulative exposures or biosignals.

Practitioner Summary: Exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV) presents an occupational health risk and safety standards obligate to measure WBV. However, direct measurements can be expensive. This paper presents a new approach to addressing this problem. The developed model is general enough that is applicable to other cumulative exposures or biosignals.     

Inter-rater reliability of output measures for a posture matching assessment approach: a pilot study with food service workers

Despite the ongoing health problem of repetitive strain injuries, there are few tools currently available for ergonomic applications evaluating cumulative loading that have well-documented evidence of reliability and validity. The purpose of this study was to determine the inter-rater reliability of a posture matching based analysis tool (3DMatch, University of Waterloo) for predicting cumulative and peak spinal loads. A total of 30 food service workers were each videotaped for a 1-h period while performing typical work activities and a single work task was randomly selected from each for analysis by two raters. Inter-rater reliability was determined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) model 2,1 and standard errors of measurement for cumulative and peak spinal and shoulder loading variables across all subjects. Overall, 85.5% of variables had moderate to excellent inter-rater reliability, with ICCs ranging from 0.30–0.99 for all cumulative and peak loading variables. 3DMatch was found to be a reliable ergonomic tool when more than one rater is involved.     

国标GBZ／T160．45-2OO7方法中1，2-二氯乙烷采样体积修正的可行性研究

进行1,2－二氯乙烷作业环境检测的气相色谱测定方法学研究,通过将填充柱改为毛细管色谱柱得到的1,2－二氯乙烷检出限,远远小于GBZ／T160．45－2007中的给出值,从而推导出修改GBZ／T160．45—2007中规定的1,2－二氯乙烷采样体积的可行性。修改后的试验方法将降低采样和检测成本。