固定化脂肪酶催化制备甘油三酯型鱼油

以固定化脂肪酶作为催化剂,以甘油和鱼油乙酯为原料进行酯交换反应制备甘油三酯型鱼油。通过单因素试验考察了酶种类、真空度、反应温度、加酶量对酯交换反应的影响,并采用正交试验对酯交换反应条件进行了优化。结果表明：固定化脂肪酶催化制备甘油三酯型鱼油的最佳反应条件为Novozym 435脂肪酶作为催化剂、真空度500 Pa、反应温度50 ℃、加酶量2%、反应时间15 h,在该条件下产物中甘油三酯含量达到78%,经过分子蒸馏后甘油三酯含量达到82.08%;脂肪酶重复使用15次,酯交换反应后产物中甘油三酯含量仍能达到74%。     

Chemical composition and physical properties of soft (tub) margarines sold in Malaysia

Seven samples of domestic and imported Malaysian tub margarines were analyzed for their fatty acid and triglyceride (carbon number) composition, solid fat content, dropping and softening points, crystallization temperature, polymorphic form, color, and textural attributes. Domestic margarines were formulated from palm oil or palm olein and palm kernel oil with a liquid oil but no hydrogenated oils. Two imported products contained hydrogenated palm oil product, which resulted in a high level of β′ crystals, whereas the domestic nonhydrogenated products contained more β than β′ crystals. Crystal habit was related to the fatty acid and triglyceride composition of the high-melting glycerides. Domestic products were firmer in texture, probably because they were formulated to be sold in a tropical climate.     

甘油酯的液相色谱分析

对比了反相高效液相色谱-蒸发光散检测器(RP-HPLC-ELSD)和正相高效剂液相色谱-示差检测器(NP-HPLC-RI)两种检测方法对甘油醇解大豆油反应产物的检测,结果显示两种方法均能定量分析产物中甘油一酯(MAG)、甘油二酯(DAG)及甘油三酯(TAG)的相对含量;采用了反相高效液相色谱-紫外检测器(RP-HPLC-UV)检测油酸甘油酯,并分别建立了1-油酸甘油一酯(1-O)、1,3-油酸甘油二酯(1,3-OO)和油酸甘油三酯(OOO)的标准曲线图,各标准曲线的相关系数均大于0.99.     

Mechanism of formation of chloropropanols present in protein hydrolysates

Chloropropanols are formed in protein hydrolysates by the reaction of hydrochloric acid with residual lipids associated with the proteinaceous materials used in their production. The products formed from glycerol, triolein, 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine and soya meal have been analyzed by thin-layer and gas chromatography. The yields and isomer ratios of the chloropropandiols and dichloropropanols formed are interpreted in terms of reaction mechanisms for their formation, which involve preferential nucleophilic substitution by the chloride anion at positions activated by neighboring ester groups. These provide anchimeric assistance and govern regioselectivity through steric and electronic effects.     

脂肪酶催化醇解制备富含n-3 PUFAs的甘油酯

n-3 PUFAs具有多种生理活性。以鱼油为原料,采用脂肪酶催化醇解法对其中的n-3 PUFAs进行富集,得到富含n-3 PUFAs的甘油酯。结果表明：来自米曲霉的脂肪酶Eversa Transform 2.0(ET 2.0)对n-3 PUFAs表现出良好的醇解特异性。通过单因素实验确定最佳工艺条件为：甲醇体积分数40%,m甲醇∶m鱼油=1.6∶1,温度35℃,脂肪酶添加量4%,反应时间2 h。在此条件下,鱼油甘油酯中n-3 PUFAs的含量从39.88%上升至67.87%,EPA和DHA的含量从36.61%上升至65.22%,n-3 PUFAs的得率为56.33%。脂肪酶在最佳反应条件下对不同底物的富集效果是：金枪鱼油甘油酯中n-3 PUFAs的含量从38.81%上升到61.35%,藻油甘油酯中n-3 PUFAs的含量从45.96%上升到64.09%。上述方法获得的富含n-3PUFAs甘油酯在食品和制药行业有很大的应用潜力。     

高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器测定脂肪酸和甘油酯的含量

建立了一种利用反相高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测、通过梯度洗脱测定油脂中脂肪酸、单甘酯、二甘酯与三甘酯含量的方法,色谱柱是C18反相柱,流动相为乙腈(0.05%醋酸V/V)-二氯甲烷,流速1.0 mL/min;蒸发光散射检测器漂移管温度70℃,载气流速1.7L/min.各物质色谱峰面积的自然对数与浓度的自然对数呈良好的线性关系,精密度RSD为0.43%～2.75%,最低检测限为0.02～0.04μg,回收率测定值为93.2%～104.5%.该方法不仅可以准确、快速地定量、定性分析各类混合脂肪酸甘油酯和游离脂肪酸,而且还可以分离具有立体异构的单甘酯和二甘酯.     

脂肪酶Lipozyme TL IM水解金枪鱼油工艺优化及其脂质分析

旨在为Lipozyme TL IM在鱼油脂质改性及相关功能性产品的研发和应用提供参考,以金枪鱼油为原料,采用固定化脂肪酶Lipozyme TL IM对其进行水解,并分离改性水解甘油酯。采用单因素试验研究了pH、水油比(质量比)、水解温度和水解时间对金枪鱼油水解度的影响,确定了适宜的水解工艺参数,并分析了不同水解度下(20%～50%)改性水解甘油酯的脂肪酸组成、结构、热稳定性和氧化稳定性。结果表明：Lipozyme TL IM水解金枪鱼油的适宜工艺参数为pH 6.0、水油比3∶1、水解温度40℃、酶添加量5%(以鱼油质量计),在此条件下水解30、60、80、120 min可分别得到水解度为20%、30%、40%和50%的改性水解甘油酯;随着水解度的增加,所得改性水解甘油酯的多不饱和脂肪酸含量增多,饱和脂肪酸含量减少,结构改变,热稳定性和氧化稳定性变差。综上,可采用Lipozyme TL IM对金枪鱼油进行水解以富集多不饱和脂肪酸,为后续产品开发提供特异性底物。     

酶法全酯化合成富含EPA/DHA甘油酯工艺研究

以富含EPA/DHA的脂肪酸为底物,采用两步酶法合成富含EPA和DHA的甘油酯。首先,以T1脂肪酶为催化剂催化富含EPA/DHA的脂肪酸和甘油反应;在最优条件为:反应温度40℃,水分添加量为底物混合物的3%、甘油与脂肪酸摩尔比3∶1和酶添加量50 U/g底物混合物时,富含EPA/DHA的脂肪酸的转化率达到62%以上,此时产物中甘油三酯、甘油二酯、甘油单酯的质量分数分别为10.52%、38.15%、25.64%。将游离酶催化酯化反应产物中的油相回收,利用自制的固定化CALB(LipozymeCALB L固定于环氧树脂ECR8285上)为催化剂,在真空条件下继续催化未反应的脂肪酸与偏甘油酯(甘油单酯和甘油二酯)继续酯化反应12 h,此时产物中甘油三酯、甘油二酯和甘油单酯的质量分数分别达到38.34%、51.02%、10.63%,没有检测到脂肪酸的存在。     

Esterification of fatty acids with glycerol over Fe–Zn double-metal cyanide catalyst

Solid Fe–Zn double-metal cyanide (DMC) complex exhibits high catalytic activity for esterification of fatty acids (FA) with glycerol. DMC catalysts with varying acidities were prepared by synthesizing the material at four different temperatures (10, 25, 50 and 80 °C). The catalyst prepared at 50 °C exhibited highest catalytic activity. Catalytic activity of DMC was influenced by both acidity and surface area. Complete conversion of FA was achieved at 140–200 °C under atmospheric pressure. Chain length of FA was found to influence the rate of reaction and product selectivity.     

抗氧化剂对共轭亚油酸甘油酯氧化稳定性的影响

采用了强化氧化实验条件,以过氧化值为指标,研究了维生素C、维生素E、柠檬酸三钠、甘草抗氧化剂对共轭亚油酸甘油酯氧化稳定性的影响．由过氧化值的一元线性回归方程得出它们对共轭亚油酸甘油酯均有抗氧化作用,甘草抗氧化剂抗氧化效果最好．单独添加质量分数为0．5％VC、0．1％VE、0．05％柠檬酸三钠、0．7％甘草抗氧化剂时,共轭亚油酸甘油酯的氧化稳定性最好．