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Giant hogweed at its northern distribution limit in North America: Experiments for a better understanding of its dispersal dynamics along rivers 下载免费PDF全文
We studied the reproduction and dispersal of giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum) at its northern distribution limit in North America (Québec, 2014–2016) to better understand the invasion dynamics of the species along rivers. Seeds were collected from a riparian population to conduct germination, floatation, and dispersal experiments. Data were analysed in comparison with a real invasion case that was initiated about 10 years ago along a river system. In Québec, giant hogweed individuals produce on average 14,000 to 16,000 seeds with a germination rate of 75–85%. Seeds with endosperm that fall in water likely sink within 5 hr. Along a small brook, most disperse over short distances (<40 m) in summer, although some can travel 100–300 m. These data suggest that late‐summer or early‐fall water dispersal of seeds would not explain the magnitude and rapidity of the invasion patterns observed along streams. We suggest that late‐fall and, especially, spring floods are the most efficient dispersal vectors for giant hogweed seeds and are likely responsible for the establishment of populations kilometres downstream from introduction points along river systems. The spread of giant hogweed would consequently be less influenced in the near future by a rise in temperature than by a change in the magnitude or timing of flood events. 相似文献
34.
Frédéric Destaillats Jean B. Jean-Denis Joseph Arul Robert L. Wolff Paul Angers 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2002,79(11):1091-1094
GC analysis was performed to determine regiospecific distribution and FA composition in seed oils of the Aceraceae species,
Acer saccharum and A. saccharinum. The oil content in the seeds was low at 5.0% in A. saccharum and 5.8% in A. saccharinum, and the main FA were linoleic (30.8 and 29.4%), oleic (21.3 and 27.6%), palmitic (10.1 and 10.5%), and cis-vaccenic (9.4 and 7.9%) acids, respectively. In addition, both oils contained long-chain monoenes of the n−9 and n−7 groups,
including 11-eicosenoic, 13-docosenoic, 15-tetracosenoic, 13-eicosenoic, and 15-docosenoic acids, whereas γ-linolenic acid
accounted for 0.8% of total FA in A. saccharum, and 0.5% in A. saccharinum. Regiospecific analysis, performed using the methodology of dibutyroyl derivatives of MAG, indicated that linoleic, oleic,
and linolenic acids were mainly esterified at the internal position of TAG in both seed oils, whereas long-chain monoenes
of the n−7 group were almost exclusively esterified on the external positions. 相似文献
35.
氢氧化铝微粉生产过程中晶种分解的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
晶种分解是种分法生产氢氧化铝微粉的工序,介绍了控制铝酸钠精制液的分解温度、分解时间、搅拌强度等条件并添加特制的高活性晶种做晶种生产优质氢氧化铝微粉的生产过程,并通过对几个月的生产跟踪分析研究,得出氢氧化铝微粉的晶种分解主要与晶种的质量和数量、分解温度、分解时间及搅拌强度等因素有关,这对于进一步完善氢氧化铝微粉的生产工艺起到很大的作用。 相似文献
36.
In pot and field experiments conducted in 1990 and 1991 on an acid sandy, phosphorus (P) deficient soil in Niger, West Africa, the effect of seed coating on seedling emergence, early growth and grain yield of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) was studied. Seeds of pearl millet were coated with different rates (0; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 5.0; 10.0 mg P seed–1) and types of P fertilizers (single superphosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate; monocalcium phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium triphosphate). Seedling emergence was generally reduced at coating rates higher than 0.5 mg P seed–1 and prevented with single superphosphate and sodium triphosphate at rates higher than 5 mg P seed–1. No correlation was found between the pH and osmomolity of the coatings and final emergence of millet seedlings. The most favourable effect on plant growth and P content was achieved with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (AHP) as seed coating. This was attributed to the enhancement effect of ammonium on P uptake. Compared to the untreated control dry matter production at 20 days after planting (DAP) was increased by 280%, P content per plant by 330%, total biomass at maturity by 30% and grain yield by 45%. Although seed coating with AHP may be harmful to seedlings emergence, it represents a suitable method to enhance early growth and increase yield of pearl millet. 相似文献
37.
1994-1995年通过室内盆栽和田间试验示范结果表明,应用甲基异柳磷与多菌灵和硼钼微肥混配拦种,对大豆安全无害,对大事产根潜蝇,根腐病和大豆胞囊线虫病防效分别为93.1%,64.9%和67.6,比不处理对照增产12.0-30.3%。 相似文献
38.
以吸附量和解吸率为指标,比较了7种大孔吸附树脂对原花青素的静态吸附解吸性能并考查了AB—8树脂对原花青素的吸附特性及机理。实验结果表明:AB—8树脂是较理想的吸附剂;在溶液中AB—8树脂对原花青素的吸附达到平衡的时间为240 min,吸附行为符合Langmuir等温方程;最佳动态吸附参数原花青素提取液浓度4.0 mg/mL,吸附流速2 BV/h(1BV=13.03 mL)用40%乙醇溶液洗脱。AB—8树脂适合于柱层析操作分离原花青素。 相似文献
39.
Pekka Manninen Päivi Laakso Heikki Kallio 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1995,72(9):1001-1008
This study demonstrates the usefulness of capillary supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) for the characterization of triacylglycerols
of edible oils and fats. Triacylglycerols were separated according to the acyl carbon number and the degree of unsaturation
on a 25% cyanopropyl/25% phenyl/50% methylpolysiloxane stationary phase. Valuable information concerning the triacylglycerol
composition of berry oils was obtained, despite the overlapping of certain triacylglycerol peaks. Simultaneous analysis of
fat-soluble vitamins and triacylglycerols is not practical by capillary SFC with flame-ionization detection because of the
low concentration of naturally-occurring fat-soluble vitamins in edible oils. Therefore, higher loading of the sample, which
led to overloading of triacylglycerols, was required to get reasonable peaks for fat-soluble vitamins. The method was applied
to the characterization of triacylglycerols and tocopherols in sea buckthorn pulp and seed oil, and cloudberry seed oil without
any sample purification prior to SFC. In addition, the stationary phase proved useful for separating the more complex mixtures
of triacylglycerols found in milk fat and in fish oil. 相似文献
40.
摘要:天然中空萝藦绒(Mj-fiber)经除蜡、磷酸活化和高温炭化工艺后,制备出活性炭纤维(ACF),采用SEM、XRD、Roman 和BET等方法对活性炭纤维微观形貌及聚集态结构进行了表征。结果表明,活性炭纤维系石墨微晶化无序结构,具有高中空特性和多级微孔表面形貌,总孔容达1.357 cm3/g,比表面积达1882.003 m2/g。制备的活性炭纤维可快速吸附溶液中的亚甲基蓝染料分子,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,并以物理吸附为主,理论最大吸附量达947.372 mg/g;热力学分析结果表明:吸附吉布斯自由能△G0<0,吸附焓变△H0>0,表明吸附系自发过程,并与温度呈正相关;此外还分析了溶液pH、电解质浓度对活性炭纤维吸附性能的影响规律。 相似文献