H2,CO双元体系支链爆炸的特性与防爆安全指标

对H2,CO双元爆炸性混合气体的爆炸特性进行了系统的研究.探索了浓度爆炸极限、爆炸形态与波形及其影响因素.根据爆炸形态与波形的不同,提出了对H2,CO双元体系的爆炸形态科学区划的新理念;在爆炸极限内,可以进一步区划为冷焰、爆燃、爆轰与爆燃向爆轰转化四种爆炸形态,以及下冷焰区、上、下限爆燃区、爆轰区和爆燃向爆轰转化区五个爆炸区域,有利于进一步研究相关的多元支链爆炸体系.引进了‘关键组分'的概念,指出引发爆炸的物质是关键组分H2和氧化剂O2,探讨了制订防爆安全指标的依据与方法,实验测得了爆炸危险度、火焰蔓延极限、最小点火能等特性参数,有利于预防混合气体支链爆炸事故,指导防爆电气设备与阻火器的设计,指导支链燃烧与支链爆炸的实践.     

Recreational Use of Coastal Waters: Development of Health-Related Standards

Basic questions which must be answered before standards for protecting the health of recreational users of water can be developed are considered. These questions are then used to assess the ways in which such standards and guidelines have been developed in North America and Europe. Only the North American guidelines have used epidemiological investigations to define risks to health, and other standards are apparently arbitrary. All the standards considered are directed primarily at bathing, although other water sports may involve greater or lesser degrees of contact with water and hence different risks. The statistical difficulties in defining both the central levels of counts of faecal indicator bacteria and their variability are discussed, because these affect the way in which standards are drafted and implemented. The point is made that only longterm improvements in marine disposal schemes can improve microbiological conditions and reduce risks to health, and that the main benefit of standards is to point out where such improvements are needed.     

Ten considerations in addressing cultural differences in psychotherapy.

As the United States population grows more culturally diverse, it is increasingly likely that psychologists will treat patients from dissimilar cultural backgrounds. Psychologists are often undecided about whether it is therapeutically appropriate to address cultural differences. Ten clinical considerations regarding the appropriateness of discussing cultural differences with patients are described. Examples are provided of how these suggested guidelines may apply to clinical practice. The literature that has supported addressing differences, including selected theoretical models, is cited in the context of these recommendations. All psychotherapy cases are distinct; therefore, these general guidelines should be adapted to the requirements of the individual patient. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Ethical Dilemmas in Sport Psychology: Discussion and Recommendations for Practice.

The practice demands required of sport psychologists often complicate the direct and specific fulfillment of several ethical regulations. Many practitioners face specific issues of confidentiality and the appropriate use of informed consent, challenges to practicing within areas of competence, issues regarding termination, and challenges that arise from multiorganizational demands and the formation of multiple relationships. Although ethical guidelines established by the American Psychological Association direct practice in order to protect both the client and the practitioner from difficult and dangerous situations, these guidelines typically pertain directly to traditional practice efforts. Within sport psychology, although ethical practice requires consideration of established guidelines, the specific demands of the population and setting complicate traditional adherence to such parameters. Sport psychologists must be flexible in their practice and carefully consider how the Ethics Code can both benefit athlete-clients and minimize inherent practice difficulties. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

国外优先化学品的管理动向

概述了国外发达国家关于优先化学品环境管理的最新动向，并对我国优先化学品的环境管理提出了具体建议。     

Review of A clinical handbook/practical therapist manual for assessing and treating adults with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Reviews the book, A clinical handbook/practical therapist manual for assessing and treating adults with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by Donald Meichenbaum (see record 1995-97286-000). This text is a much needed addition in the burgeoning field that is coming to be called "psychotraumatology," including critical incident debriefing and related phenomena. Few fields of psychopathology have been fortunate enough to attract the attention of practitioners with the level of skill that Don Meichenbaum shows in this Manual, and his sobering, careful analysis of the traumatology literature in several very controversial areas deserves kudos. The reality is that this Handbook/Manual is in fact both a relatively comprehensive overview of the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder literature, as well as a guidebook for treatment intervention strategies. Moreover, it is replete with appropriate cautions about variables that can interfere with treatment progress, together with strategic suggestions for overcoming that interference. The Manual is not only tremendously diverse, but is exceptional in its standards of scholarship and its careful application of those scholarly standards even to the most controversial topics. The author is also extremely credible in his treatment of potential harm from clinical techniques, and the Manual is replete with several examples of documented pitfalls, whether from comorbidity, relapse with substance-abusing populations, or the potential for harm to some individuals from simple repetitions of traumatic experiences. All in all, the reviewer strongly encourages Psychotherapy readers to avail themselves of this extremely well-written and thoughtful text. Both the book itself and the topic of PTSD deserve the excellent coverage devoted to them by this outstanding psychotherapy clinician and researcher. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

地级市国土空间总体规划的地位与作用

建立分级的空间规划体系是空间规划改革的共识,但地级城市与县级城市有着明显的区别,在空间规划体系中不应等同对待。不同层级间的协调问题是空间规划改革的焦点。回顾了城市规划向区域规划扩展的过程及制度安排,分析了现有体系下地级市规划存在规划权力与行政权力的错位,指出地级市的规划突破是空间规划体系建构的关键。应以县级单位作为空间规划体系建构的基本单元,地级市的国土空间总体规划应加强尺度转换和结构控制、强调其战略引领与跨地域的区域协调,并作为县级国土空间总体规划的指引与维护参照。     

A planar geometric design approach for a large grasp range in underactuated hands

The performance of an underactuated hand is mainly determined by its mechanical design. However, the effect of the dimensions of the phalanges and palm and the torques applied to the phalanges by the actuation mechanism to the range of objects that can be successfully grasped is not known. The objective of this paper is to elaborate a method to dimension the main design parameters such that the hand grasps the desired range of objects. This method consists of three steps that calculate (1) boundary conditions to the length of the phalanges and the palm width such that the required object range is enveloped by the fingers; (2) boundary conditions to the torques that have to be applied to the phalanges to achieve equilibrium of the fingers and objects; (3) optimal dimensions of the phalanges, palm and actuation mechanism. It is concluded that the design steps - sustained by analytical equations and graphs to calculate and visualize the relation between the design parameters and the performance - constitute an effective method to design underactuated hands that grasp a large range of object sizes.     

Quality Control of Recycled Aggregates Derived from Construction and Demolition Wastes

In 2007, over 24 million tons of Construction and Demolition (C&D) wastes were generated in Hong Kong. Since the local landfills will be saturated in about 6 years, it is important to find a viable way to reuse these waste materials as to alleviate the demand on public fill capacity. In order to tackle the problem, the Hong Kong government has set up a temporary recycling facility in Hong Kong in 2002 for producing different sizes of recycled aggregate for use in various construction materials. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University has been studying the feasible use of recycled aggregates in Hong Kong for a number of years. A substantial amount of experimental results on the properties of recycled aggregates and the effect of recycled aggregates on the properties of concrete and other construction products (e.g. concrete blocks and granular subbase) has been published. In this paper, the experience of Hong Kong in using recycled aggregates are summarized and a set of quality control guidelines proposed for governing the use of recycled aggregates in Hong Kong is introduced. The experience and guidelines may also be useful for the recycling of waste materials derived from the recent Sichuan earthquake in China.