成分配比对自蔓延高温合成Ni-Al金属间化合物的影响

以镍粉和铝粉为主要原料，采用自蔓延高温合成技术，制备Ni-Al金属间化合物。研究了成分配比对热爆反应的影响，绘制了热爆反应曲线，分析了热爆反应机理及产物的显微组织特征。研究结果表明：成分配比和压坯密度对热爆反应均有不同程度的影响。增加Al含量、加大压坯密度都会缩短热爆起始时间、降低热爆起始温度；反应起始温度低于Ni-Al系的最低共晶温度（640℃）。本文初步确定了Ni-Al系的热爆反应是由固固扩散反应引发的。Ni-32Al的反应产物为均一的NiAl相。     

The yttrium effect on the corrosion resistance of CO2-laser processed MCrAlY coatings

To improve the corrosion resistance and to study the effect of yttrium in the behavior of coatings produced by thermal spraying MCrAlY (M=Ni, Co) powders, CO₂ laser processing was conducted. Three methods were used: (1) a combination of gas flame and plasma spraying in air followed by laser glazing in argon, (2) low-pressure plasma spraying (LPPS) and laser glazing in argon, and (3) LPPS and laser-gas (O₂) alloying. Laser glazing in argon of the MCrAlY coatings sprayed in air promoted formation of weakly adherent agglomerates of Al–Y oxides and an alumina-chromia solid solution. Glazing in argon atmosphere of LPPS CoNiCrAlY and NiCrAlY coatings caused the formation of nickel aluminides besides the formation of Y–Al compounds. Gas (O₂)-alloying of these coatings produces continuous and adherent (yttrium-containing) alumina and chromia layers. The effects of yttrium on the characteristics of the oxides formed in the coatings during laser glazing, laser-gas alloying, and high-temperature oxidation is discussed. This work also investigated the oxidation resistance of the laser-processed MCrAlY coatings in air and in the presence of 85 mol/o V₂O₅–Na₂SO₄ fused salt at 900°C.     

Comparison between Ni-Cr-40vol%TiC wear-resistant plasma sprayed coatings produced from self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and plasma densified powders

Plasma sprayed Ni-Cr-40vol%TiC coatings produced from powders obtained by self-propagating hightemperature synthesis (SHS) and plasma densification (PD) processes are characterized. Chemical composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties, such as microhardness and wear resistance, are evaluated and compared. SHS coatings exhibit good sliding wear performance. The exact stoichiometry of titanium carbide inclusions in the metallic matrix affects the dimension of the crystal lattice parameter and was investigated by examining the shift of x-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks of the TiC. A value of the combined carbon/titanium ratio of about 0.6 was calculated for both powders, thus excluding the influence of the stoichiometry of the carbide inclusions on the wear properties of the coatings.     

多胺化合物在环烷酸腐蚀体系的缓蚀和化学转化作用的研究

通过失重和电化学方法研究了多胺化合物在环烷酸腐蚀体系的作用 .结果表明 :多胺具有抑制环烷酸腐蚀的能力 ,随着温度的升高覆盖度减低 ,吸附热为ΔH =- 5 1kJ/mol<0 ,据此 ,推测了多胺将环烷酸转化为非腐蚀性物质在抑制环烷酸腐蚀中的贡献 .     

GH140高温合金管坯斜轧穿孔试验

本文总结了在φ100mm斜轧穿孔机上生产GH140高温合金毛管的加热、穿孔工艺及操作经验。     

高温形变节能热处理技术

本文介绍了高温形变热处理的意义、分类、强韧化机理和应用实例。文中指出:40Cr钢经高温自由锻淬火并高温回火后,其屈服强度、夏氏冲击韧性、断裂韧性增高,脆性转折温度降低。其原因归结于钢的淬透性增加,高温回火后球形碳化物均匀分布于铁素体基体上,形成稳定的位错网络和晶界被净化。9CrSi钢经高温自由锻形变淬火和短时球化退火,可得到理想的球化组织和切削加工硬度。经最终热处理后强度提高382MPa,冲击韧性提高一倍。性能提高的原因归结为奥氏体晶粒、马氏体组织、末溶碳化物细化,位错密度增加,孪晶马氏体分布发生改变和胞状结构的遗传等。     

强流脉冲电子束表面改性FeCrAl涂层的显微组织及耐高温腐蚀性能研究

目的改善FeCrAl涂层表面组织,提高其耐高温盐溶液腐蚀性能。方法用电弧喷涂方法在45碳钢表面制备FeCrAl(Cr 25.5%,Al 5.5%,Fe余量)涂层。用强流脉冲电子束(HCPEB)对FeCrAl涂层进行表面改性处理,工作参数为:脉冲宽度200μs,能量密度分别为20、25、30、40 J/cm^2。处理脉冲次数均为1次。通过金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对改性层形貌进行分析,通过电子探针方法测量改性前后涂层中Fe、Cr、Al和O元素的分布变化,利用X射线衍射分析对比改性层的相成分组成。在温度650℃下,以Na2SO4+K2SO4饱和盐溶液为腐蚀介质,测试FeCrAl涂层的高温腐蚀性能,并对腐蚀表面形貌进行分析。结果HCPEB处理FeCrAl涂层发生表层重熔,原始粗糙疏松的涂层组织变得光滑致密,表面出现分离的球冠状凸起,凸起内部由排列紧密的Fe-Cr柱状晶组成,Al元素向凸起结构的表面和周围凹陷处聚集。随HCPEB处理能量密度增大,凸起结构尺寸增加,涂层表面的Fe2O3相消失,α-Al2O3相含量增多。经120h高温腐蚀后,原始涂层腐蚀增重63.8 mg/cm^2,HCPEB能量密度20 J/cm^2处理的样品腐蚀增重51 mg/cm^2。结论使用HCPEB在脉冲宽度200μs和能量密度20 J/cm^2下处理FeCrAl涂层后,其高温腐蚀增重较原始涂层减少20%,而使用过高的HCPEB能量密度处理会导致FeCrAl涂层表面结构和耐高温腐蚀性能变差。     

High-velocity oxyfuel reactive spraying of mechanically alloyed Ni-Ti-C powders

Recently, there has been considerable interest in producing cermet coatings with nanoscale carbide grains in the size range 50 to 500 nm. In this article, the production of nanoscale TiC grains in a Ni-based alloy matrix by reactive high-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) spraying of metastable Ni-Ti-C powder is reported. Mechanical alloying of a Ni(Cr) prealloyed powder and Ti and C elemental powders was performed in a planar-type ball mill, and materials were characterized in detail using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron micros-copy (SEM). Phase changes were correlated with milling time and other processing conditions. Results show that, by the selection of appropriate conditions, a metastable Ni-Ti-C powder could be obtained with the nominal composition 50wt.%Ni-40wt.%Ti-10wt.%C. Following sieving and classification, powder was produced with a particle size range of −38 to 8 μm, which is suitable for HVOF spraying. Coatings, approximately 250 μm thick, were deposited by HVOF spraying onto mild steel substrates, and the microstructures formed were investigated. XRD showed that a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) reaction had occurred in the powder particles during spraying and that the principal phases present in the coating were TiC and a Ni-rich solid solution; small quantities of NiTi, TiO₂, and NiTiO₃ were also present. SEM revealed that the coatings had a characteristic, splatlike morphology and that TiC formed as a nanoscale dispersion, with a size range of ∼50 to 200 nm, within solidified splats. The microstructures of these reactively sprayed Ni-TiC coatings are briefly compared with those observed in HVOF-sprayed coatings deposited using prereacted SHS powder. The original version of this paper was published as part of the ASM Proceedings, Thermal Spray 2003: Advancing the Science and Applying the Technology, International Thermal Spray Conference (Orlando, FL), May 5–8, 2003, Basil R. Marple and Christian Moreau, Ed., ASM International, 2003.     

SiC高温高量程MEMS加速度传感器的仿真与分析

加速度传感器材料的特性对传感器的性能影响很大,SiC作为新一代半导体材料具有优良的力学温度特性,适用于高温、高过载加速度传感器.基于SiC提出了一种可用于高温、高过载环境的加速度传感器设计方案.根据悬臂梁的相关力学理论知识,对传感器结构、尺寸进行了设计,并利用ANSYS有限元仿真软件对SiC材料传感器敏感结构进行模态分析、静力学分析、热分析.仿真结果表明,6H-SiC材料表现出了比Si材料更优异的抗高温、抗过载特性,为应用于高量程、高温环境下的加速度传感器研究提供了可靠的理论基础.     

基于CCD图像传感器的高温场测量仪设计与实现

设计并实现了一种由彩色CCD、图像采集卡、计算机和测量软件组成的高温场测量仪。该测量仪利用比色测温原理计算并显示高温辐射体的表面温度场分布,通过自动调节进光量扩大CCD测温范围,利用黑体炉标定实验校正CCD光谱响应特性非理想带来的测温误差,构建辐射能衰减补偿器对受烟雾干扰的测温结果进行补偿校正。对工业现场进行测试,最大绝对误差为13.6 K,最大相对误差为1.42%,平均每幅辐射图像计算时间为0.127 s。测试结果表明,该测量仪具有较高的精确性和可靠度,符合工业生产对高温检测的要求。