减压精馏分离乙醇与异丙醇二元混合和物

乙醇与异丙醇二元混合物因两者存在结构和化学性质相似而难分离.对减压精馏分离乙醇与异丙醇工艺条件进行了探索,因折光率与溶液组成存在一一对应关系,进而利用阿贝折射仪进行纯度分析,考察了填料类型、真空度、溶液组成等对产物分离纯度的影响.实验研究结果表明,在以金属螺旋弹簧柱作精馏柱填料,塔顶真空度为700mmHg(93.33k...     

Characterization and reactivity of VMgO catalysts prepared by wet impregnation and sol–gel methods

This paper reports the study of physicochemical, surface, and catalytic properties of two series of VMgO catalysts prepared by two different methods: wet impregnation and sol–gel. The characterizations of the elaborated materials were performed using N₂-sorption (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET)), X-ray diffraction, Raman, transmission electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. The catalytic properties of the elaborated materials were investigated in the isopropanol decomposition reaction to determine their acid–base character and in the selective oxidation of n-butane to evaluate their dehydrogenation properties. The preparation method and vanadium content strongly affected the properties of our materials. The sol–gel method leads to smaller crystallite size, higher specific surface area, and uniform particle distribution compared to the impregnation one. Both impregnation and SG solids promote the formation of acetone, which is related to the presence of strong basic sites (O^2? species) on the catalytic exposed surface. The more pronounced basic character was obtained through the SG samples. The sol–gel samples exhibited the highest catalytic activity and C4-olefin selectivity in the partial oxidation of n-butane. Whatever the preparation procedure, the nature of surface oxygen species plays an important role in the orientation of catalytic performances.     

ZSM-35分子筛的酸改性及其用于丙烯水合制异丙醇反应的性能

采用水热合成法制备Na-ZSM-35分子筛。用不同浓度NH_4NO_3溶液对ZSM-35分子筛进行铵交换,不同焙烧温度下进行焙烧处理,制成H-ZSM-35分子筛。采用XRD、SEM、FT-IR和NH3-TPD对酸改性ZSM-35分子筛催化剂进行表征,并用于丙烯水合反应,考察其催化性能。结果表明,交换液浓度0.4 mol·L-1和450℃焙烧处理的ZSM-35分子筛催化剂的B酸中心最多,丙烯水合制异丙醇催化性能最佳。在丙烯水合制异丙醇反应中,反应产物异丙醇物质的量分数为15.96%,选择性为98.52%。     

Pr6O11/SnO2复合材料的制备及对异丙醇气敏特性的研究

通过水热法和退火处理制备了不同Pr浓度(0%,1%,2%,4%)的Pr6O11/SnO2复合材料。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)等方法对制备材料的物相结构、微观形貌和元素组成进行了表征,并制成旁热式气敏元件,对异丙醇气体进行气敏测试。实验结果表明,基于2%样品的Pr6O11/SnO2气体传感器的气敏性能最佳,在最佳工作温度200℃下对100×10^-6异丙醇气体响应达到16.2,是纯相SnO2传感器响应的2.3倍。最后,对基于Pr6O11/SnO2复合材料气体传感器的气敏机理进行了分析讨论。     

Pt/Ti electrode preparation methods: application to the electrooxidation of isopropanol

Platinum coatings on Ti were prepared by a two-step process: partial thermal decomposition of chloroplatinic acid followed by electroreduction of the coating. Effects of preparation temperature and of cathodic polarization on the roughness factor were studied. Roughness factors greater than 570 were achieved, leading to an enhancement of the activity towards isopropanol electrooxidation in 1M H₂SO₄.     

g-C3N4-Cd2SnO4复合材料的制备及其气敏性能

摘 要：采用水热-煅烧法制备了Cd2SnO4,并使用超声混合法制备一系列不同质量比例的g-C3N4-Cd2SnO4复合材料。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等方法对g-C3N4-Cd2SnO4复合材料进行了表征,研究了不同比例的g-C3N4-Cd2SnO4复合材料的气敏性能。气敏性能研究结果表明：当g-C3N4的加入量为2.5 wt%（质量分数）时,g-C3N4-Cd2SnO4复合材料对于异丙醇气体的灵敏度最高,在170℃的最佳工作温度下,对100 μL/L的异丙醇气体的灵敏度可达117,与纯Cd2SnO4的灵敏度1.4相比提高了78倍,最低检测限为0.1 μL/L。     

醇与离子液体二元双水相体系萃取四环素

以异丙醇、NaH2PO4和1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸（[Bmim]BF4）离子液体来构成醇与离子液体二元双水相体系,用于萃取水体中的四环素。考察了NaH2PO4含量、pH值、离子液体含量以及四环素质量浓度对四环素萃取效果的影响。结果表明,当体系的pH在4.0~5.0,NaH2PO4含量为36%,四环素的质量浓度在65~95 mg/L时,体系对四环素的萃取率可达91.98%~94.98%,分配系数可达82.135~130.315。     

液体异丙基黄原酸钠的合成

以异丙醇、氢氧化钠、二硫化碳为原料,合成了液体异丙基黄原酸钠。通过考察物料配比、反应时间、反应温度和NaOH浓度对产品收率的影响,得出适宜的工艺条件为:n(二硫化碳)∶n(氢氧化钠)∶n(异丙醇)=1∶1∶1,反应时间2.5 h,反应温度30℃,氢氧化钠浓度为40%。在此条件下,异丙基黄原酸钠的产率最高可达92.2%。     

对异丙基苯胺合成工艺的研究

在开发的HWC-3分子筛催化剂上研究了苯胺和异丙醇合成对异丙基苯胺的反应,得到了较佳的反应条件:温度615~640K、压力0.1~0.5MPa、空速1.0~1.5h-1、苯胺与异丙醇摩尔比1.0~1.5。用精密精馏分离产物,共沸精馏回收未反应的苯胺和异丙醇。对异丙基苯胺的选择性为94%,苯胺的单程转化率为19%,原料的总转化率在98%以上。较好地解决了设备腐蚀、“三废”污染、生产成本高、无法实现大规模连续化工业生产等问题。     

Development of Novel NH4Y Zeolite‐Filled Chitosan Membranes for the Dehydration of Water‐Isopropanol Mixture Using Pervaporation

Abstract

NH₄Y zeolite‐filled chitosan membranes were developed for the separation of water‐isopropanol mixture using pervaporation process. The NH₄Y zeolite‐filled chitosan membranes were prepared using a solution technique with the variation of NH₄Y zeolite loading (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 wt.%). The membranes morphologies were studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the membranes mechanical strength were tested using the parameter of tensile strength and percent strain at maximum. The effects of NH₄Y zeolite loading on the liquid sorption characteristics and pervaporation performance were also evaluated. The diffusion coefficient of water and isopropanol for the chitosan membranes at different NH₄Y zeolite loading is estimated. The presence of NH₄Y zeolite in the chitosan membranes caused non‐homogeneous dispersion of NH₄Y zeolite crystals and membrane swelling due to its hydrophilic properties. However, the presence of NH₄Y zeolite was able to improve both tensile strength and percent strain at maximum of chitosan membranes. The presence of NH₄Y zeolite also increased the total permeation flux and separation factor simultaneously. The Pervaporation Separation Index shows that 0.2 wt.% of NH₄Y zeolite‐filled membrane gave the optimum performance in the pervaporation process. The diffusion coefficient estimated proves that the membranes were highly water selective.