超临界二氧化碳及超声预处理促进玉米芯水解制备还原糖研究

以玉米芯为原料,使用超临界二氧化碳及超声预处理后,再用稀酸水解制备还原糖。重点考察了预处理温度、原料含水量以及超声作用时间对还原糖产率的影响。结果表明,超临界二氧化碳预处理最佳条件为:100℃,原料含水量 50%、 30 min、 15 MPa;超声预处理最佳条件为:59 kHz、 90 W、 20 min;采用质量分数为 1% 稀硫酸溶液对预处理样品进行水解,水解温度 160℃、 时间 40 min、 液固比50:1,以评价预处理的效果,两种预处理条件下对应的最大还原糖产率分别为 39.5% 和 38.4%,相比空白样品分别提高13.3和12.2个百分点。     

Structural and Chemical Characteristics of Sisal Fiber and Its Components: Effect of Washing and Grinding

This work covers the study of microstructural changes of natural sisal fibers induced by different conditioning pre-treatments: mechanical grinding, cryogenic grinding, and hot water washing. The aim of the work is to clarify the effects of the pre-treatments on crystallinity and infrared spectra of sisal. Scanning electron microscopy results allowed to identify morphological changes on the fiber surface. Deeper changes of chemical origin were studied by attenuated total reflectance/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and focused on the main components of cellular walls: cellulose, lignin, and xylan. The work was complemented with crystallinity index (I_c) data determined by two very different methods: the widely used for lignocellulosic fibers Segal equation based on X-ray diffraction measurements, and the other based on FTIR through the 1430/900 cm^?1 band intensity ratio, which is mostly used with cellulosic samples.     

玉米芯固定化单宁酶的工艺条件优化

探讨改性玉米芯固定化单宁酶的工艺条件。采用Box-Behnkens试验设计和响应面分析方法,对改性玉米芯固定化单宁酶的条件进行优化,得出其最佳工艺条件为：单宁酶酶液与玉米芯载体比26:1(V/m)、pH 6.8、时间8.0h、温度36℃,在此条件下固定化酶活力达到(16085±5)U/g,酶活力回收率为44.68%。对最佳条件下制备的固定化单宁酶的酶学特性进行研究,发现该固定化酶的最适反应pH值为4.5～5,最适反应温度为60℃。     

木质类废弃物液化及其高效利用研究进展

木质类废弃物具有数量多、分布广、可再生等特点,采用热化学液化技术将其转变为具有反应活性的新的化学原料,能替代或部分替代化石产品制备高品质化学品。本文将不同生物质转化技术以及可利用途径进行归纳总结,回顾了近年来国内外常见的木质类废弃物液化技术如高温高压液化、快速热解液化和常压催化液化等,重点介绍了广为关注的常压催化液化及其高效利用研究现状。概述了不同的液化剂和催化剂所得液化物的性质及所制备胶黏剂、聚氨酯材料等高附加值生物质基树脂材料的性能。指出木质类生物质液化过程只有朝着低成本、绿色、高效反应方向发展,才有可能向大规模工业化转化。作者结合自己的科研实践,提出该领域目前存在的一些问题以及解决途径的建议,对液化生物质基高分子材料的产业化应用提出展望。     

玉米芯水解残渣中纤维素和木素的分离纯化

以玉米芯水解残渣为原料,采用碱性H_2O_2和NaClO_2两段法处理,以纤维素含量与木素脱除率为指标,对纤维素和木素的分离纯化工艺进行了实验探讨。结果表明,碱性H_2O_2处理段较适宜的条件为:混合液中NaOH用量3%,H_2O_2用量0.8%和反应温度80℃;NaClO_2处理段较适宜的条件为:NaClO_2浓度12 g/L,处理温度70℃;经过以上两段处理,玉米芯水解残渣中纤维素含量为84.73%,木素脱除率高达91.11%,分离纯化效果最佳。     

生物质吸附剂——改性玉米芯对印染废水脱色性能研究

研究了生物质吸附剂--改性玉米芯对印染废水的脱色特性.考察了吸附时间、pH值、初始浓度、吸附剂用量、温度、染料结构等对印染废水脱色效果的影响,发现主要影响因素为吸附时间、pH值和初始浓度.改性玉米芯时50 mL印染废水脱色的最佳处理条件为:pH值2、对酸性大红和直接深蓝的吸附时间分别为60 min和30 min、初始浓度50 mg·L-1、吸附剂用量1.0 g.在此条件下,脱色率可迭95%以上,实现了以废治废、变废为宝的目的.     

Properties of an Alkaline‐Tolerant,Thermostable Xylanase from Streptomyces chartreusis L1105, Suitable for Xylooligosaccharide Production

Abstract: An extracellular xylanase was purified to homogeneity from a culture of Streptomyces chartreusis L1105 by a 2‐step method of ammonium sulfate precipitation and carboxymethyl sepharose fast‐flow chromatography (CMSFF). The xylanase was purified by 6.86‐fold, with a recovery yield of 31.96%. The purified xylanase appeared as a single protein band on SDS‐PAGE with a molecular mass of about 34.2 kDa. The optimum temperature and pH of the purified xylanase activity were 70 °C and 7.2 respectively. The xylanase was more stable under alkaline conditions and retained more than 80% activity after 30 min incubation at pH 6 to 10. It also showed specific activity towards different xylans. Hydrolysis of oat‐spelt and corn‐cob xylans by the xylanase yielded xylobiose and xylotriose as principle products without the formation of xylose. These properties indicate that the purified xylanase may potentially be useful in biotechnological applications, such as xylooligosaccharide preparation. This is the first report about the purification and characterization of a xylanase from S. chartreusis.     

酶解玉米芯制备木糖的工艺研究

采用微生物法从玉米芯制取木糖包括原料预处理和酶水解两部分,预处理技术及工艺直接影响酶解的效果。实验确定了适合酶解的预处理方法为减液预处理和稀硫酸条件下的高温预处理,经酶解后木糖的含量分别为21．16％和22．22％。     

甜玉米芯多酚的超声提取工艺优化

通过单因素、正交实验及其方差分析探索超声波辅助提取甜玉米芯多酚的最优条件。采用Folin-Ciocalteu法测定提取液的总酚浓度。结果表明,各种因素对提取率影响的顺序为：其中对总酚的提取有显著影响。最佳提取工艺为：固液比1：15（g/mL）,乙醇浓度80%,提取温度40℃,超声功率200 W,提取时间45 min,在最佳工艺条件下多酚提取率达（2.61±0.09）%,提取液DPPH自由基清除率为（70.05±0.17）%。     

Adsorption Studies of Methylene Blue and Malachite Green From Aqueous Solutions by Pretreated Lignocellulosic Materials

Lignocellullosic materials have been used as low-cost adsorbents for the removal of methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG) dyes from aqueous solutions. The organic compounds in the adsorbents that contribute to chemical oxygen demand (COD) have been removed through pretreatment of the adsorbents. The percentage of color removal and COD reduction of both MB and MG dyes were found relatively close in values. The adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm as well as the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic model. The process was found to be endothermic in nature.