直投式酸奶发酵剂研究进展

概述了国内外制备直投式酸奶发酵剂的研究进展，以及进行直投式酸奶发酵剂研究的重要性。     

Viability of Hanseniaspora uvarum yeast preserved by lyophilization and cryopreservation

Hanseniaspora yeasts are known to produce volatile compounds that give fruity aromas in wine and fermented fruit. This study aimed to verify the feasibility of the Hanseniaspora uvarum strain that had been isolated and identified during a previous study and preserved by lyophilization and freezing at ?80 °C (cryopreservation). This strain was assessed in relation to its macroscopic and microscopic morphology and for its ability to ferment apple must. After having been subjected to lyophilization and cryopreservation, viability was assessed in relation to these characteristics during 12 months of storage. The strain showed stable colonial features and its microscopic appearance was unchanged during all recoveries. The plate count results showed consistency in both processes. Regarding the fermentative capacity, the kinetic results showed 100% viability for the strain subjected to lyophilization, as well as for those preserved at ?80 °C. These results demonstrate that the preservation methods used are compatible with the maintenance of the relevant characteristics of the strain for the period of evaluation of this study (12 months). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

直投式酸奶发酵剂的发酵工艺及其优化

本研究通过对不同保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌菌株的酸度、粘度、乙醛和共生能力等生理学指标的测定,筛选出3对适于发酵生产用的菌株组合,并以ST1和LB2做为进一步研究对象,获得其最佳增殖培养基为番茄汁(1.0%)、乳糖(1.0%)、酵母膏(0.5%)和蛋白胨(1.0%),42℃培养6h后其活菌数达到1.64×109CFU/ml;LB2-ST1组合的最佳保护剂组成为海藻糖(2.0%)、甘油(0.3%)、谷氨酸钠(5%)和吐温80(0.3%),经冷冻干燥后其活菌数达到3.62×1011CFU/g。该组合工业化生产的最佳工艺参数是发酵温度42.2℃、pH6.4、86.7r/min搅拌转速。以4%接种量,1.0%补料(脱脂乳),发酵时间6h;-40℃,15h后,最终冷冻干燥产品活菌数为1011CFU/g。     

海藻糖和透明质酸对冻干双歧杆菌细胞的保护作用

为探讨冷冻干燥对长双歧杆菌细胞的损伤及海藻糖和透明质酸(HA)的保护作用机制,考察冻干长双歧杆菌再水化后,蛋白质与核酸泄漏情况、β -D- 半乳糖苷酶和ATP 酶(ATPase)活性变化、菌体形态特征、膜脂和菌体蛋白结构变化。结果表明：冻干损伤微生物细胞膜和敏感蛋白质,海藻糖分别与细胞膜磷脂和菌体蛋白质极性基团形成氢键相互作用,代替极性基团周围失去的氢键结合水,从而维持磷脂“水化”状态和蛋白质二级结构稳定。由于HA 为高分子化合物,海藻糖与其复配后混合物的玻璃化温度(Tg)较高,两者复配作用互补,即海藻糖的“水替代”作用与HA 的“玻璃态”作用有机结合,使保护效果更佳。     

食品加工用水中微生物的检测能力验证关键技术研究

目的 建立一种适用于食品加工用水微生物检测能力验证方案,并进行评价。方法 对1ml菌种水悬液快速冻干制备能力验证样品,按照CNAS-GL03:2006《能力验证样品均匀性和稳定性评价指南》对样品进行均匀性和稳定性检验,并按照预设方案组织一次能力验证。结果 按照方案制备的样品均匀性和稳定性符合能力验证要求,参试实验室反馈的测试结果统计符合能力验证结论分布要求。结论 建立的能力验证方案可以作为一种方法来测试被监管实验室检测能力或者集团企业验证下属实验室检测能力。     

Short communication: Effects of drying and analytical methods on nitrogen concentrations of feeds,feces, milk,and urine of dairy cows

Nitrogen concentrations in feeds, feces, milk, and urine samples were measured using 2 analytical methods following different drying procedures. Ten samples of corn silage, alfalfa silage, and concentrates collected from 2017 to 2018 at Krauss Dairy Research Center, The Ohio State University (Wooster), were used. A 4-d total collection digestion trial provided fecal samples from 10 cows (1 sample/cow), and another 10 cows were used to collect milk samples (1 sample/cow) and spot urine samples (1 sample/cow). Spot urine samples were acidified immediately to pH <3.0 when collected. Feed samples were oven dried (55°C) or lyophilized and analyzed using the Kjeldahl (KJ; copper sulfate as a catalyst) method and a combustion method (elemental analyzer; EA). Feces, urine, and milk samples were analyzed for N using the following methods: (1) fresh samples by KJ (referred to as wet KJ), (2) lyophilization (urine and milk for 8 h; feces for 120 h) followed by EA (LYO-EA), and (3) oven drying (milk and urine for 1 h; feces for 72 h at 55°C) followed by EA (OD-EA). Additionally, changes in N content of acidified urine at −20° over 180 d of storage were examined. Nitrogen concentrations in corn silage, alfalfa silage, and concentrates were greater for EA by 6.1, 4.8, and 8.3%, respectively, compared with KJ. Analysis of dried samples via EA compared with wet KJ resulted in lower fecal N content (27.8 vs. 29.3 g/kg of DM). Nitrogen concentration in fecal samples via KJ after lyophilization was lower by 5% compared with wet KJ but did not differ from LYO-EA, suggesting that N losses occurred during drying. Nitrogen determination with EA after drying of samples resulted in greater milk N (5.70 vs. 5.50 g/kg) and urinary N (9.16 vs. 9.06 g/kg) content compared with wet KJ. However, drying method (i.e., lyophilization vs. oven drying) did not affect N content of milk, urine, or feces. The use of EA resulted in lower percentage deviation of N content from duplicate sample assays for most samples (no difference was found for concentrate and fecal N), suggesting that EA was more precise than KJ. In conclusion, drying of feces caused N losses regardless of drying methods. For urine and milk samples, if drying is necessary (i.e., EA), oven drying at 55°C can be used rather than lyophilization. The N content was greater in feeds, milk, and urine when determined with EA versus KJ. In addition, N content in acidified and undiluted urine at −20° changed and should be analyzed within 90 d of storage. The results in the current study, however, did not account for laboratory-to-laboratory variation.     

Freeze drying: exploring potential in development of orodispersible tablets of sumatriptan succinate

The present investigation is aimed at development and characterization of sumatriptan succinate orodispersible tablets (ODTs) prepared by freeze drying technology. The tablet excipients were screened and the composition was optimized based on parameters which involved general appearance, tablet size and shape, uniformity of weight, mechanical properties, surface pH, moisture analysis, drug content, wetting time, in vitro and in vivo disintegration time. Furthermore, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron micrograph of cross-section of the tablet and in vitro dissolution studies were performed. Studies revealed that formulation containing gelatin–mannitol (3.75% w/v and 3.5% w/v, respectively) with camphor as a volatile pore forming agent exhibited superior properties with disintegration time of less than 10?s. Furthermore, in vitro release studies revealed 90% release of drug from developed dosage form within 10?min, thus suggesting rapid drug dissolution followed by faster onset of action, which forms a strong rationale for development of ODTs of sumatriptan succinate. The developed technology is simple, which involves few steps and can be easily scaled up. Thus, it holds enormous potential for commercial exploitation.     

发光菌冻干粉保护剂及贮藏效果的研究

探究脱脂乳类复合保护剂在冷冻干燥过程中对青海弧菌Q67(V.qinghaiensis sp.-Q67)和明亮发光杆菌T3(P.phosphoreum sp.-T3)相对发光率的影响,并对保护剂进行优化;-20、4℃以及室温(16～25℃)条件下对两种发光菌冻干粉的贮藏效果进行比较研究。结果表明:明亮发光杆菌T3对冷冻干燥的抗性要高于青海弧菌Q67;3种保护剂中,以脱脂乳、蔗糖、壳聚糖混合物为保护剂的两种发光菌粉复苏30min后的发光度最高;以脱脂乳、蔗糖、壳聚糖、谷氨酸钠混合物为保护剂的青海弧菌Q67菌粉在-20℃条件下长期贮藏效果最好;而对明亮发光杆菌T3菌粉长期贮藏而言,3种保护剂在-20、4℃和室温条件下的效果均较好。这两种菌粉在30min内快速反应,表明它们在毒性物质快速检测中有着较好的应用价值。