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91.
92.
Yo Jin Kim 《Electrochimica acta》2004,49(19):3227-3234
Palladinized Nafion™ was prepared via ion-exchange and chemical reduction method. Palladium precursors and solvent systems determined the efficiency of the incorporation and distribution of nanoparticles. The tortuous thin Pd film was formed on the surface of membrane when Na+-Nafion™ and water were used. Pd nanoparticles enhanced the water uptake of Nafion™ and reduced its methanol uptake. And dispersed Pd nanoparticles in Nafion™ disturbed the proton conduction and methanol permeation simultaneously in Nafion™ cluster. In order to reduce methanol permeation of Nafion™ and keep its high conductivity, it was more efficient for Pd nanoparticles to distribute near the surface of membrane. Palladinized Nafion™ improved the performance of DMFC single cell operation by reducing the methanol permeation. 相似文献
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95.
蛋白质在超滤过程中的膜污染和膜清洗 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
本文选用四种不同的膜清洗剂对牛血清蛋白溶液超滤后污染的三种超滤膜进行研究,结果表明:在蛋白质的等电点取得在不同PH值下蛋白质对膜污染的最佳清洗效果,清洗效率与蛋白质的所荷电荷有关。采用适宜的清洗过程将会延长膜使用寿命和增强超滤膜性能。 相似文献
96.
Fingerprinting G-protein-coupled receptors 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Recently we reported the design of a discriminating fingerprintfor rhodopsin-like G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Thefingerprint encodes the seven putative membrane-spanning motifsand was potently diagnostic of all GPCRs (52 in all) in version8.1 of the OWL composite sequence database, readily distinguishingthem from all other integral membrane proteins. With a 3-foldincrease in the size of OWL, the fingerprint has been updatedand now finds 332 receptors that match all the motifs. The situation,however, has grown in complexity: 61 sequences make imperfectmatches with the fingerprint, yielding a total of 393 hits.The bulk of the partial hits are olfactory receptors: theseappear to fall into discrete subfamilies in which one or moreof the transmembrane motifs are either poorly matched or arenot matched at all. These results are supported by preliminaryphylogenetic analyses, which show the olfactory and variousother partial matches clustering away from the main body oftrue hits. The approach has provided a powerful diagnostic toolfor identifying GPCRs, and results are consistent with previousobservations that the pheromone, cAMP and secretin-like receptorsbelong to separate families-these bear their own unique sequencefingerprints by which they may be distinguished from the rhodopsin-likesuperfamily 相似文献
97.
Activation of plant foliar oxidases by insect feeding reduces nutritive quality of foliage for noctuid herbivores 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
G. W. Felton K. Donato R. J. Del Vecchio S. S. Duffey 《Journal of chemical ecology》1989,15(12):2667-2694
The foliage and fruit of the tomato plantLycopersicon esculentum contains polyphenol oxidases (PPO) and peroxidases (POD) that are compartmentally separated from orthodihydroxyphenolic substrates in situ. However, when leaf tissue is damaged by insect feeding, the enzyme and phenolic substrates come in contact, resulting in the rapid oxidation of phenolics to orthoquinones. When the tomato fruitwormHeliothis zea or the beet army-wormSpodoptera exigua feed on tomato foliage, a substantial amount of the ingested chlorogenic acid is oxidized to chlorogenoquinone by PPO in the insect gut. Additionally, the digestive enzymes of the fruitworm have the potential to further activate foliar oxidase activity in the gut. Chlorogenoquinone is a highly reactive electrophilic molecule that readily binds cova-lently to nucleophilic groups of amino acids and proteins. In particular, the —SH and —NH2 groups of amino acids are susceptible to binding or alkylation. In experiments with tomato foliage, the relative growth rate of the fruitworm was negatively correlated with PPO activity. As the tomato plant matures, foliar PPO activity may increase nearly 10-fold while the growth rate of the fruitworm is severely depressed. In tomato fruit, the levels of PPO are highest in small immature fruit but are essentially negligible in mature fruit. The growth rate of larvae on fruit was also negatively correlated with PPO activity, with the fastest larval growth rate occurring when larvae fed on mature fruit. The reduction in larval growth is proposed to result from the alkylation of amino acids/protein byo-quinones, and the subsequent reduction in the nutritive quality of foliage. This alkylation reduces the digestibility of dietary protein and the bioavailability of amino acids. We believe that this mechanism of digestibility reduction may be extrapolatable to other plant-insect systems because of the ubiquitous cooccurrence of PPO and phenolic substrates among vascular plant species. 相似文献
98.
甜菊糖甙超滤的应用研究 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
本文主要描述不同分子量的PAN和CA膜净化甜菊糖甙,超滤后的甜菊糖甙较好地解决了生产中所出现的沉淀和起泡问题,并对新旧工艺进行对比和评价。 相似文献
99.
本文对模拟的含酚废水,采用新型技术对乳状液膜法脱酚进行了进一步的探讨。对所采用的制乳设备———撞击流-旋转填料床对制乳率、提取设备———旋转填料床对脱酚率、破乳设备———无机微孔膜法破乳的重要参数(如透过压方式、膜孔径等对膜通量和破乳率的影响)进行了研究。并且讨论了破乳后的油相回用情况。实验结果表明:撞击流-旋转填料床的制乳效率可达99.90 %以上,脱酚率可达99%左右,且瞬间完成;膜孔径越小,破乳率越高,膜通量越小;外压内抽方式的破乳效果优于单外压方式的破乳效果。对于粒径为5~2 5 μm乳液,用膜孔径为2 .0 μm的SiC微孔膜,在外压为6 0kPa、内负压为30kPa的外压内抽破乳方式下破乳,破乳率可达96 .4 % ,膜通量可达90 0L·(m2 ·h) -1。 相似文献
100.