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101.
We study a semilinear mildly damped wave equation that contains the telegraph equation as a special case. We consider Neumann velocity boundary feedback and prove the exponential stability of the closed loop system. We show that for vanishing damping term in the partial differential equation, the decay rate of the system approaches the rate for the system governed by the wave equation without damping term. In particular, this implies that arbitrarily large decay rates can occur if the velocity damping in the partial differential equation is sufficiently small. 相似文献
102.
F. Frusteri E. N. Savinov A. Parmaliana E. R. Savinova V. N. Parmon N. Giordano 《Catalysis Letters》1994,27(3-4):355-360
Selective partial oxidation of ethane to ethanol and acetaldehyde by in situ generated H2O2 has been achieved under cathodic current passing through a carbon supported Nafion-H catalytic membrane. A correlation between H2O2 generation rate and reaction rate has been found. 相似文献
103.
104.
Praphan?Pinsirodom Yomi?Watanabe Toshihiro?Nagao Akio?Sugihara Takashi?Kobayashi Yuji?ShimadaEmail author 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2004,81(6):543-547
Production of MAG by a lipase-catalyzed reaction is known to be effective at low temperature. This phenomenon can be explained
by assuming that synthesized MAG are excluded from the reaction system because MAG, which have low m.p., are solidified at
low temperatures. Consequently, MAG are efficiently accumulated and do not serve as the precursor of DAG. If this hypothesis
is correct, the critical temperature for MAG production, defined as the highest temperature at which DAG synthesis is repressed,
should depend on the m.p. of the MAG. Esterification of FFA with glycerol using Candida rugosa, Rhizopus oryzae, and Penicillium camembertii lipases produced MAG efficiently at low temperatures. However, Candida lipase showed very low esterification activity at high temperatures (>20°C), and Rhizopus lipase produced not only MAG but also DAG even at low temperatures. Meanwhile, P. camembertii lipase catalyzed synthesis of MAG only from FFA and glycerol at low temperatures, although the enzyme catalyzed synthesis
of DAG from MAG in addition to synthesis of MAG at high temperatures. We thus studied the effect of temperature on esterification
of C10−C18 FFA with glycerol using Penicillium lipase as a catalyst and determined the critical temperatures for production of MAG. The critical temperature for production
of each MAG showed a linear correlation with m.p. of the MAG, which supported the hypothesis. In addition, because the m.p.
of MAG are estimated from that of the constituent FA, the optimal temperature for production of MAG can be predicted from
the m.p. of the FFA used as a substrate. 相似文献
105.
Taeko Izumi Yoshihiro Yagimuma Masanori Haga 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1997,74(7):875-878
Enyzmatic amidation of the primary amines β-alanine ethyl ester and 3-aminopropionitrile with methyl laurate by means of immobilized
lipase (Candida antarctica lipase, CAL) resulted in the formation in good yield of N-lauroyl-β-alanine ethyl ester and 3-(N-lauroylamino)-propionitrile, respectively. When 3-amino-propionitrile was used as substrate, diisopropyl ether was a suitable
solvent. Changing the reaction temperature (12–80°C) did not affect the yields, and room temperature was a suitable temperature
for this reaction. In the investigation of reaction conditions, the use of equimolar amounts (5 mmol) of substrate and ester,
along with 0.5 g of CAL, in diisopropyl ether gave the best yield (99.3%) after 24 h of incubation at 24°C. The enzyme activity
in the amidation reaction did not decrease even after six uses. With β-alanine ethyl ester hydrochloride as substrate, diisopropyl
ether was unsuited as a solvent owing to the low solubility of the substrate in this solvent.
In this reaction, the best yield (82.0%) was attained by using dioxane as solvent. CAL achieved higher extents of amide synthesis
with long-chain than with short-chain ester substrates. The enzyme accepted only nonbulky primary amines as substrates. 相似文献
106.
Torben?H.?Roenne Xuebing?Xu Tianwei?TanEmail author 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2005,82(12):881-885
Enzymatic synthesis of esters of lactic acid and straight-chain alcohols with different chain lengths (C6–C18) were investigated in batch reactions with hexadecanol (C16) as the model alcohol. Cyclohexane was the best solvent for higher ester yields, and the best biocatalyst was the immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozym 435) as well as the textile-immobilized Candida sp. lipase. A method was established to obtain ester yields in the range of 71 to 82% for the different alcohols, and the most favorable conditions for the esterification reaction using Novozym 435 were an equimolar ratio of lactic acid to alcohol, each at a concentration of 120 mM each; a 50°C reaction temperature; 190 rpm shaking speed; and the addition of 100 mg molecular sieves (4 Å) for drying. The ester yield increased with increasing lipase load, and a yield of 79.2% could be obtained after 24 h of reaction at 20 wt% of Novozym 435. The immobilized Candida sp. lipase prepared in the laboratory also could be used to produce esters of lactic acid and straight-chain alcohols, but it had a much lower activity than Novozym 435 with a temperature optimum of 40°C. 相似文献
107.
无溶剂体系脂肪酶催化制阿魏酸双油酸甘油酯 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在无溶剂体系中以分散在硅藻土上的褶皱假丝酵母脂肪酶为催化剂,以阿魏酸乙酯与油酸甘油酯为原料,一步合成阿魏酸双油酸甘油酯。通过质谱和红外光谱对薄层层析分离纯化后的产物结构进行了表征。定量分析表明,当反应温度为50℃,n(阿魏酸乙酯)/n(油酸甘油酯)=1时,阿魏酸双油酸甘油酯的质量占生成物总质量分数较高。在1 mmoL阿魏酸乙酯,1 mmoL油酸甘油酯和70 mg脂肪酶组成的无溶剂反应体系中,50℃空气浴振荡120 h,总产率可达63.32%,其中阿魏酸双油酸甘油酯质量占生成物总质量的63.37%。 相似文献
108.
Matthias Berger Manfred P. Schnelder 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1992,69(10):961-965
Regioisomerically pure 1(3)-rac-monoacylglycerols are conveniently prepared in high yields (>75%) and in multigram quantities by enzymatic esterification
of glycerol in the presence of various lipases(Chromobacterium viscosum, Rhizopus delemar, Rhizomucor miehei) with a variety of different acyl donors, such as free fatty acids, fatty acid alkyl esters, vinyl esters and triacylglycerols,
as well as natural fats and oils. All reactions are carried out in aprotic organic solvents with low water content, namelyn-hexane, diethyl ether, tBuOMe or mixtures of these solvents. Essential for the success of these transformations were the
following two factors. First, the creation of an artificial interphase between the solvent-immiscible hydrophilic glycerol
and the hydrophobic reaction medium by its adsorption onto a solid support. Second, a facile system for the separation of
the desired monoacylglycerol from the reaction mixture, coupled with the continuous recycling of acyl donor and undesirable
by-products. 相似文献
109.
J. Kurashige N. Matsuzaki H. Takahashi 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1993,70(9):849-852
The bioreactor system to interesterify edible oils and fats at an ultra-micro aqueous phase of 100 ppm and less was investigated.
The adsorption of lecithin, together with lipase onto a carrier, was effective for conducting the interesterifying reaction
efficiently for oils and fats in micro aqueous phase.
To improve the handling properties of palm oil at rather low temperature, palm oil was blended with canola or soybean oil,
and then these blended oils were modified by enzymatic selective interesterification in a solvent-free, ultra-micro aqueous
bioreactor system with an immobilized lipase that had 1,3-positional specificity. The effects of enzymatic interesterification
were confirmed by triglyceride determination, by solid fat content profiles and by cloud point profiles, which were also compared
to products of chemical interesterification. The improvement in the fluidity of blended oils with canola oil by the enzymatic
reaction was bigger than with soybean oil, and chemical interesterification had no effects on the fluidity of blended oils. 相似文献
110.
Guan-Chiun?Lee Dong-Lin?Wang Yi-Fang?Ho Jei-Fu?ShawEmail author 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2004,81(6):533-536
Lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens efficiently catalyzed the alcoholysis of various TG in dry alcohols. For TG with short-chain FA, more MG were accumulated.
The yields of MG were affected by the alcohols used. The maximum yields of MG were as follows: 85% for monoacetin in n-butanol, 96% for monobutyrin in ethanol or n-butanol, 50% for monocaprylin in n-butanol, 48% for monolaurin in isopropanol, and 45% for monopalmitin in isopropanol. The MG produced were judged to be 2-MG
by TLC analysis. The presence of organic cosolvent affected the reaction rate of the lipase-catalyzed alcoholysis of TG. For
the alcoholysis of various TG in ethanol and cosolvent (1∶1, vol/vol), the rates had the following orders: (i) for tributyrin,
hexane > toluene > acetone > ethyl acetate > chloroform > acetonitrile > pyridine; (ii) for tricaprylin, hexane > acetone
> toluene > acetonitrile > ethyl acetate > pyridine > chloroform; and (iii) for trialurin, hexane > acetonitrile=acetone >
ethyl acetate > pyridine=chloroform > toluene. 相似文献