Synthesis and characterisation of fluorescent pyrene‐end‐capped polylactide fibres

Fluorescent markers are critical for tracking the position and movement of molecules both in vivo and in vitro. Conventionally, synthetic dyes are non‐covalently added to polymers for fluorescent tracking, but often diffuse away. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, a facile method for the synthesis of fluorescent poly(lactic acid) nano‐/microfibres for biomedical applications using solution spin blowing. Pyrene‐end‐capped poly(l ‐lactide) (PLLA) derivatives were synthesised using the ring‐opening polymerisation of l ‐lactide and they were characterised using spectroscopic and thermal analyses. Submicrometre‐sized fluorescent fibres were produced from these PLLA derivatives using solution blow spinning techniques generating polymer blends and core–shell fibres. Such system could be further exploited to incorporate electrically conductive carbon allotropes via the pyrene aromaticity, producing fluorescent and electrically active fibres for in vitro monitoring and electrical stimulation. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

On the absence of global solutions for quantum versions of Schrödinger equations and systems

We, first, consider the quantum version of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation

$i^q{D}_{q|t}u(t,x)+\Delta u(qt,x)=\lambda |u(qt,x){|}^p,t>0,x\in {\mathbb{R}}^N,$

where $0<q<1$, $i^q$ is the principal value of $i^q$, $D_{q|t}$ is the $q$-derivative with respect to $t$, $\Delta$ is the Laplacian operator in ${\mathbb{R}}^N$, $\lambda \in ??\left\{0\right\}$, $p>1$, and $u(t,x)$ is a complex-valued function. Sufficient conditions for the nonexistence of global weak solution to the considered equation are obtained under suitable initial data. Next, we study the system of nonlinear coupled equations

$i^q{D}_{q|t}u(t,x)+\Delta u(qt,x)=\lambda |v(qt,x){|}^p,t>0,x\in {\mathbb{R}}^N,$

$i^q{D}_{q|t}v(t,x)+\Delta v(qt,x)=\lambda |u(qt,x){|}^m,t>0,x\in {\mathbb{R}}^N,$     

Ti对铬钼钒模具钢奥氏体化组织与性能的影响

??The microstructure and properties of die steels with Ti and without Ti at different austenitizing temperatures were studied through the combination of thermodynamic calculation and experiment. The results show that the total solution temperature of Cr23C6, Cr7C3, VC, V2C, V8C7, MoC, Mo2C and TiC is 748. 2, 952. 7, 977. 3, 632. 9, 1116. 0, 1131. 2, 645. 3 and 1044. 1??, respectively. Hardness and impact toughness both increase with the increase in temperature. When the austenitizing temperature is above 1200 ??, it has a greater influence on the hardness. Toughness of die steel with Ti is better than that without Ti. The grain becomes coarse and the amount of martensite increases with the increase of temperature. The average grain size of the die steel with Ti is 21. 4??m smaller than that without Ti, and the size of the undissolved phase of the former is about 0. 2??m smaller than that of the latter.     

Study on grinding of LiTaO3 wafer using effective cooling and electrolyte solution

As a typical multi-functional single crystal material, lithium tantalate (LiTaO₃ or LT) exhibits its excellent electro-optical, piezoelectric properties and has now been widely applied into many applications, such as electro-optical modulators, pyroelectric detectors, optical waveguide, piezoelectric transducers and SAW (surface acoustic wave) substrates. LT is known as a very important functional material, however the details of its machinability are not readily available yet. The content in this study is firstly focuses on the physical properties of LT like piezoelectric and pyroelectric effects and their influence on grinding performance. The obtained results are analyzed and discussed to understand its physical properties which have significant influences on their machinability in the grinding process. The crack initiation is possible to be dominated by internal stress which originated from self-polarization of the material itself. Hence, in order to suppress the physical effects induced by polarization during grinding of LT, control the temperature of coolant and increase the electrical conductivity of coolant are purposely tried in this study. The grinding results suggest that control of coolant temperature and use of electrolyte solution can effectively suppress the increasing rate of grinding torque and surface roughness, which in turn enhance the performance of LT wafer grinding. The LT wafers are eventually able to be thinned less than 100 μm.     

Bonding strategies to full-contour zirconia: Zirconia pretreatment with piranha solution,glaze and airborne-particle abrasion

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of various zirconia surface pretreatments on the adhesion between full contour 3Y-TZP zirconia and glaze, and the shear bond strength (SBS) between glazed/3Y-TZP and resin cement. Specimens were allocated into groups: GL-glaze; AL+GL-sandblasting with Al₂O₃+GL; CJ+GL-tribochemical silica coating (Cojet^®/CJ)+GL; PS+GL-piranha solution+GL; and CJ. Adhesion between 3Y-TZP and GL was evaluated using the scratch test. Surface topography and glaze thickness were evaluated by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). For SBS, glazed/3Y-TZP surface was etched with hydrofluoric acid and a silane was applied. For CJ only the silane was applied. Samples were tested after 24 h (24 h wet) or after 15,000 thermal cycles and 90 days storage (thermocycled). After SBS, the type of failure was classified as: adhesive, mixed or cohesive. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. SEM analysis after scratch test revealed circular cracks in the GL group and conformal cracks in the others groups. SEM micrographs suggested that zirconia specimens submitted to airborne-particle abrasion presents rougher and porous surface when compared to surfaces treated with GL and PS. The glaze layer was approximately 1.86 µm thick in all groups. After 24 h, SBS test showed highest values for AL+GL and CJ+GL and were significantly higher when compared to the GL group. Differences were not significant between PS+GL and the other groups. After aging (thermocycling+storage), groups GL and CJ presented no statistically significant difference compared to 24 h and aged AL+GL, CJ+GL and PS+GL groups. The predominant type of failure was mixed. 3Y-TZP surface treatment with glaze application could be considered as an alternative treatment, since it yielded a similar resin bond strength without the need for airborne-particle abrasion.     

煤矿综合自动化系统解决方案的研究

根据当前煤矿的特点,针对煤矿综合自动化现场不同硬件环境的情况,提出了一种煤矿综合自动化系统的解决方案,讨论了系统的构成与实现方式,该方案研究对实现煤矿的自动化生产具有重要意义。     

PBS-co-DEG与热塑性淀粉共混膜的性能研究

采用流延法制备了不同二甘醇(DEG)含量的聚丁二酸丁二醇二甘醇共聚酯(PBS-co-DEG)与热塑性淀粉(TPS)共混的复合膜,通过核磁共振氢谱仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、凝胶渗透色谱仪、热重分析仪、紫外–可见分光光度计、偏光显微镜等对共聚酯的结构及复合膜的性能进行了表征和测试,采用N435脂肪酶对复合膜进行了降解实验。结果表明,随DEG含量的增加PBS-co-DEG/TPS复合膜的亲水性、光透过率和断裂伸长率均有所增加,热稳定性变化不明显;与PBS/TPS复合膜相比,PBS-co-DEG/TPS复合膜的酶降解速率显著提高。     

Gd-Bi-M-Ce-O (M = Cu,Zr, Ni,Co, Mn) ceria-based solid solutions for low temperature CO oxidation

Ceria based solid solutions doped by Gd, Bi, and the third dopant were synthesized by the co-precipitation method with ultrasonic treatment, followed by calcination at the temperature of 500°С. Characterization of the synthesized nanosystems by XRD, TEM, TG, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, XPS was carried out. It is shown that all obtained powders of solid solutions crystallized into a cubic structure of the fluorite type, with an average particle size of 5–15 nm. The samples had a mesoporous structure of the pore diameter of 2–5 nm. The catalytic activity of Gd-Bi-M-Ce-O (M = Cu, Zr, Ni, Co, Mn) solid solutions was carried out. The catalyst Gd_0.05Bi_0.15Mn_0.20Ce_0.60O₂ has the lowest oxidation temperature.     

Maximum Spreading of Urea Water Solution during Drop Impingement

Droplet impingement of urea water solution (UWS) is a common source for liquid film and solid deposits formed in the tailpipe of diesel engines. In order to better understand and predict wetting phenomena on the tailpipe wall, this study focuses on droplet spreading dynamics of urea water solution. Impingement of single droplets is investigated under defined conditions by high‐speed imaging using shadowgraphy technique. The experimental studies are complemented by numerical simulations with a phase‐field method. Computational results are in good agreement with experimental data for the advancing phase of spreading and the maximum and terminal spreading radius, whereas for the receding phase notable differences occur. For the maximum spreading radius, an empirical correlation derived for glycerol‐water‐ethanol mixtures is found to be valid for millimeter‐sized UWS droplets as well. A numerical simulation for a much smaller droplet however indicates that this correlation is not valid for the tiny droplets of UWS sprays in technical applications.     

A fast branch,bound and remember algorithm for disassembly line balancing problem

In recent years, the interests of disassembly line have increased owing to economic reasons and the increase of environmental awareness. Effective line can provide many advantages in terms of economic aspect and it facilitates competition the companies with others. This study contributes to the relevant literature by a branch, bound and remember algorithm for disassembly line balancing problem with AND/OR precedence. The proposed exact solution method employs the memory-based dominance rule to eliminate the reduplicated sub-problems by storing all the searched sub-problems and to utilise cyclic best-first search strategy to obtain high-quality complete solutions fast. In this paper, minimising the number of stations is taken as the performance measure. The proposed methodology is tested on a set of 260 instances and compared with the mathematical model using CPLEX solver and five well-known metaheuristics. Computational results show that the proposed method is capable of obtaining the optimal solutions for all the tested instances with less than 0.1?seconds on average. Additionally, comparative study demonstrates that the proposed method is the state-of-the-art algorithm and outperforms the CPLEX solver and metaheuristics in terms of both solution quality and search speed aspects.