磷酸镁水泥制备试验研究

基于水工建筑物的应急抢险与快速修补加固处理的需要,运用常规的水泥凝结时间、强度等基本性能试验,研究各材料组成对磷酸镁水泥性能的影响,确定磷酸镁水泥配方,并对不同粒径砂土的磷酸镁水泥砂浆水胶比、养护条件、强度等进行了试验研究。结果表明,硼砂是磷酸镁水泥的有效缓凝剂;氧化镁细度对水泥性能有明显影响,氧化镁越细水泥早期强度越高,但细度过细凝结时间将难以满足施工要求;磷酸镁水泥配方为:P/M值1∶3,硼砂掺量10%,氧化镁细度宜为195 m~2/kg左右;磷酸镁水泥砂浆抗压强度与胶水比具有线性相关性,与龄期呈对数关系;水中养护与标准养护相比,抗压强度降低约6%～27%,磷酸盐水泥在长期水下环境中的适用性需论证。研究成果可为水工建筑物的应急抢险与快速修补加固处理提供参考和依据。     

一株秸秆纤维素降解菌株的筛选及其降解特性

纤维素是自然界一种最重要的可再生资源,本文从玉米地土壤中分离出 1 株产纤维素酶能力较强的菌株J-N3。以羧甲基纤维素为唯一碳源的分离培养基和刚果红染色法进行初筛,再将筛选到的菌株进行液体发酵培养并测定酶活。结合形态学特征与分子生物学鉴定结果得知,菌株J-N3为芽孢杆菌属( Bacillus)。并对其酶学性质进行初步研究,得到酶最适pH为6.0时,最适反应温度为50 ℃。玉米秸秆经菌株 J-N3处理20 d 时,秸秆失重率及纤维素分解率分别达到26.22%、31.01%。     

化工过程熵增指数及其在磷复肥清洁生产评价中的应用

从热力学第二定律出发, 指出清洁生产的热力学本质是控制物质由有序结构向无序转化并从中获取最大效益, 其优劣可由过程熵增反映。 引用复杂体系非平衡定态过程最小熵产生原理,推导出依据与外界交换的物流和热流信息定量计算化工复杂系统过程熵增的方法, 并定义过程熵增指数ζ 。 评价了化工过程对环境热力学状态的综合影响。选择以硫和以氨为载能原料的磷复肥工艺为例进行了计算和对比,其过程熵增指数分别为6.753和4.571,反映出载能原料硫作为废物排放对环境热力学状态产生更大的影响。     

胍基阳离子捕收剂反浮选磷矿的性能与机理分析

为了研究磷矿反浮脱硅过程中,胍基阳离子磷矿捕收剂的作用机理,以N-椰油基-1,3-丙撑二胺、单氰胺、乙酸为原料制得一种阳离子表面活性剂,并用于傅里叶红外光谱仪表征,测试了该药剂与3种矿物作用前后的接触角、Zeta电位、红外光谱,进行了石英、白云石、胶磷矿的纯矿物浮选试验等。结果表明:该合成药剂属胍基阳离子表面活性剂,在广泛pH值范围内,对石英的捕收能力较强,对白云石次之,对胶磷矿较弱;在弱碱性下,对白云石捕收性能有所提高;相较白云石、胶磷矿,该药剂更易与石英产生吸附作用,使矿物表面呈现疏水性;接触角、Zeta电位、红外光谱测试结果说明与3种矿物的吸附主要是物理吸附。试验结果说明该胍基阳离子表面活性剂可以作为磷矿反浮脱硅捕收剂。     

江苏省磷资源安全评价与演化趋势

通过系统的资料整理与严密的数据分析,在阐述省内磷资源概况与化肥施用需求的基础上,依据熵值法修正的层次分析法建立了农用矿产资源的安全评价体系。修正的安全系数和最终计算结果更加符合实际,显示了该方法的科学性、优越性。评价结果表明:江苏省磷资源安全演化整体呈下降趋势,结合省内情况可分为4个阶段。资源禀赋是影响农用矿产安全的主要因素,其次是化肥施用量、勘查资金投入等因素,据此强调开拓市场、科学施肥、保护环境。模型的建立及结果对资源产业持续健康发展和区域经济社会发展具有参考意义。     

磷酸二苯酯催化的2-吲哚甲烷胺衍生物的合成

以磷酸二苯酯为催化剂,3-甲基吲哚类化合物与亚胺通过Friedel-Crafts加成反应一步合成了具有广泛药理活性的2-吲哚基甲烷胺类化合物,对反应条件进行优化。结果表明,当n(3-甲基吲哚类)∶n(亚胺)∶n(磷酸二苯酯)=1.0∶2.0∶0.1,其中,磷酸二苯酯0.0025 mmol,1 mL无水二氯甲烷作溶剂,室温下反应0.5 h时,即可得到高收率2-吲哚基甲烷胺类衍生物（85%~90%）。产物经 1HNMR、13CNMR 和 HRMS 进行了结构确定。     

Exploring the Biomaterial-Induced Secretome: Physical Bone Substitute Characteristics Influence the Cytokine Expression of Macrophages

In addition to their chemical composition various physical properties of synthetic bone substitute materials have been shown to influence their regenerative potential and to influence the expression of cytokines produced by monocytes, the key cell-type responsible for tissue reaction to biomaterials in vivo. In the present study both the regenerative potential and the inflammatory response to five bone substitute materials all based on β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), but which differed in their physical characteristics (i.e., granule size, granule shape and porosity) were analyzed for their effects on monocyte cytokine expression. To determine the effects of the physical characteristics of the different materials, the proliferation of primary human osteoblasts growing on the materials was analyzed. To determine the immunogenic effects of the different materials on human peripheral blood monocytes, cells cultured on the materials were evaluated for the expression of 14 pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, i.e., IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, VEGF, RANTES, IL-12p40, I-CAM, IL-4, V-CAM, TNF-α, GM-CSF, MIP-1α, Il-8 and MCP-1 using a Bio-Plex^® Multiplex System. The granular shape of bone substitutes showed a significant influence on the osteoblast proliferation. Moreover, smaller pore sizes, round granular shape and larger granule size increased the expression of GM-CSF, RANTES, IL-10 and IL-12 by monocytes, while polygonal shape and the larger pore sizes increased the expression of V-CAM. The physical characteristics of a bone biomaterial can influence the proliferation rate of osteoblasts and has an influence on the cytokine gene expression of monocytes in vitro. These results indicate that the physical structure of a biomaterial has a significant effect of how cells interact with the material. Thus, specific characteristics of a material may strongly affect the regenerative potential in vivo.     

不同倍率下磷酸铁锂电池模组过充热失控特性研究

随着电化学储能技术在电力系统中的广泛应用,电化学储能技术的安全性越来越受到重视。文中以储能用磷酸铁锂电池模组(8.8 kW·h, 25.6 V,344 A·h)为研究对象,进行3次不同倍率(0.4C,0.5C,1C)的恒流过充试验,研究其在不同充电倍率条件下的过充热失控特性,并辅以starccm+软件进行热场仿真计算。结果表明,电池模组在额定充电倍率0.5C(172 A)和1C(344 A)下持续过充会发生起火,起火时间随着充电倍率增加而减少;充电倍率对磷酸铁锂电池模组过充行为特性影响较大,随着充电倍率的增加,热失控最高温度和峰值电压升高,过充测试时间随着充电倍率的升高而降低;不同充电倍率条件下,电池安全阀首次打开时的电压均为1.7倍额定电压,可以进一步研究以作为电池热失控预警参数。文中研究成果可为规模化储能用磷酸铁锂电池的安全性研究和电池管理系统(BMS)对过充故障的安全管理提供参考。     

Thermoplastic Starch Nanocomposites Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystal Suspensions Containing Residual Salt from Neutralization

Sulfuric acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of cellulose commonly isolates cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Neutralizing the reactant solution with sodium hydroxide facilitates efficient downstream processing, but residual salt remains in the product. This study examines the reinforcing effects of CNCs from suspensions that contain residual salt on the mechanical properties of thermoplastic starch nanocomposites. By reinforcing starch films with up to 5 wt% CNCs, stiffness and strength are improved by 118% and 79%, respectively, indicating a good dispersion of CNCs in the starch matrix. Compared to nanocomposites incorporating salt-free CNCs, the remaining salt has no significant impact on the material's mechanical performance. The results indicate great potential of CNCs containing residual salt as biobased, low-cost nanofiller in hydrophilic polymer matrices.